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Mass and Balance ATPL

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Quiz on Mass and Balance ATPL, created by Jesús Nieto Domínguez on 20/11/2017.
Jesús Nieto Domínguez
Quiz by Jesús Nieto Domínguez, updated more than 1 year ago
Jesús Nieto Domínguez
Created by Jesús Nieto Domínguez about 7 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
The higher the Takeoff Mass: 1) Manoeuvrability is reduced. 2) Range will decrease but endurance will increase. 3) Gliding range will reduce. 4) Stalling speed will increase.
Answer
  • 1,2,3,4
  • 3
  • 1,4
  • 4

Question 2

Question
A flight benefits from a strong tailwind which was not forecast. On arrival at destination a straight in approach and immediate landing clearance is given. The Landing Mass will be higher than planned and:
Answer
  • the approach path will be steeper.
  • the landing distance will be unaffected.
  • the landing distance required will be longer.
  • the approach path will be steeper and threshold speed higher.

Question 3

Question
When considering the effects of increased mass on an aeroplane, which of the following is true?
Answer
  • Flight endurance will be increased.
  • Stalling speeds will be lower.
  • Gradient of climb for a given power setting will be higher.
  • Stalling speeds will be higher.

Question 4

Question
If an aeroplane is at a higher mass than anticipated, for a given airspeed the angle of attack will:
Answer
  • remain constant, drag will decrease and endurance will decrease.
  • be decreased, drag will decrease and endurance will increase.
  • be greater, drag will increase and endurance will decrease.
  • remain constant, drag will increase and endurance will increase.

Question 5

Question
Fuel loaded onto an aeroplane is 15.400 kg but is erroneously entered into the load and trim sheet as 14.500 kg. This error is not detected by the flight crew but they will notice that:
Answer
  • V, will be reached sooner than expected.
  • speed at un-stick will be higher than expected.
  • V, will be increased.
  • the aeroplane will rotate much earlier than expected.

Question 6

Question
In order to provide an adequate buffet boundary at the commencement of the cruise a speed of 1,3 Vs is used. At a mass of 120.000 kg this is a CAS of 180 kts. If the mass of the aeroplane is increased to 135.000 kg the value of 1,3 V 5 will be:
Answer
  • increased to 202 kts but, since the same angle of attack is used, drag and range will remain the same.
  • unaffected as Vs always occurs at the same angle of attack.
  • increased to 191 kts, drag will decrease and air distance per kg of fuel will increase.
  • increased to 191 kts, drag will increase and air distance per kg of fuel will decrease.

Question 7

Question
An additional baggage container is loaded into the aft cargo compartment but is not entered into the load and trim sheet. The aeroplane will be heavier than expected and calculated takeoff safety speeds:
Answer
  • are unaffected but V, will be increased.
  • will not be achieved.
  • will be greater than required.
  • will give reduced safety margins.

Question 8

Question
Prior to departure an aeroplane is loaded with 16.500 lit res of fuel at a fuel density of 780 kg/m3. This is entered into the load sheet as 16.500 kg and calculations are carried out accordingly. As a result of this error, the aeroplane is:
Answer
  • heavier than anticipated and the calculated safety speeds will be too high.
  • lighter than anticipated and the calculated safety speeds will be too low.
  • lighter than anticipated and the calculated safety speeds will be too high.
  • heavier than anticipated and the calculated safety speeds will be too low.

Question 9

Question
At maximum certificated Takeoff Mass, an aeroplane departs from an airfield which is not limiting for either takeoff or Landing Masses. During initial climb the number one engine suffers a contained disintegration. An emergency is declared and the aeroplane returns to departure airfield for an immediate landing. The most likely result of this action will be:
Answer
  • a landing short resultant from the increased angle of approach due to the very high aeroplane mass.
  • a high threshold speed and possible undercarriage or other structural failure.
  • a high threshold speed and a shorter stop distance.
  • a landing further along the runway than normal.

Question 10

Question
During a violent avoidance manoeuvre, a light twin aircraft certified to EASA requirements, was subjected to an instantaneous load factor of 4,2. The Flight Manual specifies that the aircraft is certified in the normal category for a load factor of -1,9 to +3,8. Considering the certification requirements and taking into account that the manufacturer of the twin did not include, during its conception, a supplementary margin in the flight envelope, it might be possible to observe:
Answer
  • rupture of one or more structural components.
  • a permanent deformation of the structure.
  • an elastic deformation whilst the load was applied, but no permanent distortion.
  • no distortion, permanent or temporary, of the structure.

Question 11

Question
If an extra load is loaded into an aircraft, the stall speed is likely to:
Answer
  • stay the same.
  • decrease.
  • increase.
  • change depending on whether the load was placed FWD or AFT ofthe eG.

Question 12

Question
Overloading has the following effects on performance:
Answer
  • increased takeoff and landing distance, reduced rate of climb and increased fuel consumption.
  • increased takeoff and landing distance, increased rate of climb and increased fuel consumption.
  • reduced takeoff and landing distance, increased VNE and increased fuel consumption.
  • reduced takeoff and landing distance, increased VNE and reduced rate of climb.

Question 13

Question
Over-loading would result in:
Answer
  • a decrease in stalling speed.
  • a decrease in fuel consumption.
  • an increase in range.
  • a reduction of aircraft performance.

Question 14

Question
Is it possible to fly a certified aircraft at a regulated Takeoff Mass with both full Traffic Load and a full fuel load?
Answer
  • All aircraft at all times.
  • No, it is not possible.
  • Only if the performance limited Takeoff Mass is less than the structural limited Takeoff Mass.
  • Some aircraft in some cases

Question 15

Question
For a conventional, nose wheel aircraft configuration, the higher the Takeoff Mass: 1) Range will decrease but endurance will increase. 2) Gliding range will reduce. 3) Stalling speed will increase. 4) Stick forces at rotation will increase. Select the combination of correct statements:
Answer
  • 1, 3
  • 1,3,4
  • 2, 4
  • 3, 4

Question 16

Question
Which of the following statements is correct?
Answer
  • The station (STA) is always the location of the centre of gravity in relation to a reference pOint, normally the leading edge of the wing at MAC.
  • A tail heavy aeroplane is less stable and stalls at a lower speed than a nose heavy aeroplane.
  • The centre of gravity is given in percent of MAC calculated from the leading edge of the wing, where MAC always = the wing chord halfway between the centre line of the fuselage and the wing tip.
  • If the actual centre of gravity is located behind the aft limit the aeroplane longitudinal stability increases.

Question 17

Question
During takeoff you notice that, for a given elevator input, the aeroplane rotates much more rapidly than expected. This isan indication that:
Answer
  • the aeroplane is overloaded.
  • the centre of gravity may be towards the aft limit.
  • the centre of gravity is too far forward.
  • the centre of pressure is aft of the centre of gravity.

Question 18

Question
If the aeroplane is neutrally stable, this would suggest that:
Answer
  • the CG is forward.
  • the CG is in mid range.
  • the CG is on the rear limit.
  • the CG is behind the rear limit.

Question 19

Question
An aeroplane is loaded with its centre of gravity towards the rear limit. This will result in:
Answer
  • an increase in longitudinal stability.
  • a reduction in power required for a given speed.
  • an increased fuel consumption as a result of increased drag.
  • an increased risk of stalling due to a decrease in tailplane moment.

Question 20

Question
If the centre of gravity of an aeroplane moves forward during flight the elevator control will:
Answer
  • become heavier making the aeroplane more difficult to manoeuvre in pitch.
  • become lighter making the aeroplane more difficult to manoeuvre in pitch.
  • become heavier making the aeroplane more easy to manoeuvre in pitch.
  • become lighter making the aeroplane more easy to manoeuvre in pitch.

Question 21

Question
An aeroplane is said to be neutrally stable. This is likely to:
Answer
  • be caused by a centre of gravity, which is towards the forward limit.
  • be caused by a centre of gravity, which is towards the rearward limit.
  • be totally unrelated to the position of the centre of gravity.
  • cause the centre of gravity to move forwards.

Question 22

Question
The mass displacement caused by landing gear extension:
Answer
  • does not create a longitudinal moment.
  • creates a pitch-up longitudinal moment.
  • creates a longitudinal moment in the direction (pitch-up or pitch-down) determined by the type of landing gear.
  • creates a pitch-down longitudinal moment.

Question 23

Question
What determines the longitudinal stability of an aeroplane?
Answer
  • The dihedral, angle of sweepback and the keel effect.
  • The effectiveness of the horizontal stabilizer, rudder and rudder trim tab.
  • The relationship of thrust and lift to weight and drag.
  • The location of the centre of gravity with respect to the neutral point.

Question 24

Question
The stalling speed of an aeroplane will be highest when it is loaded with a:
Answer
  • high gross mass and aft centre of gravity.
  • low gross mass and forward centre of gravity.
  • low gross mass and aft centre of gravity.
  • high gross mass and forward centre of gravity.

Question 25

Question
If the centre of gravity is near the forward limit, the aeroplane will:
Answer
  • benefit from reduced drag due to the decrease in angle of attack.
  • require elevator trim, which will result in an increase in fuel consumption.
  • require less power for a given airspeed.
  • tend to over rotate during takeoff.

Question 26

Question
Which of the following statements is correct?
Answer
  • If the actual centre of gravity is close to the forward limit of the centre of gravity the aeroplane may be unstable, making it necessary to increase elevator forces.
  • If the actual centre of gravity is located behind the aft limit of centre of gravity it is possible that the aeroplane will be unstable, making it necessary to increase elevator forces.
  • A tail heavy aeroplane is less stable and stalls at a lower speed than a nose heavy aeroplane
  • The lowest stalling speed is obtained if the actual centre of gravity is located in the middle between the aft and forward limit of centre of gravity.

Question 27

Question
Which ofthe following is most likely to affect the range of centre of gravity positions on an aeroplane?
Answer
  • The need to minimize drag forces and so improve efficiency.
  • Location of the undercarriage.
  • The need to maintain a low value of stalling speed.
  • Elevator and tailplane (horizontal stabilizer) effectiveness in all flight conditions.

Question 28

Question
When the centre of gravity is at the forward limit, an aeroplane will be:
Answer
  • extremely stable and will require excessive elevator control to change pitch.
  • extremely stable and require small elevator control to change pitch.
  • extremely unstable and require excessive elevator control to change pitch.
  • extremely unstable and require small elevator control to change pitch.

Question 29

Question
Assuming gross mass, altitude and airspeed remain unchanged, movement of the centre of gravity from the forward to the aft limit will cause:
Answer
  • increased cruise range.
  • higher stall speed.
  • lower optimum cruising speed.
  • reduced maximum cruise range.

Question 30

Question
With the centre of gravity on the forward limit which of the following is to be expected?
Answer
  • A decrease of the stalling speed.
  • A decrease in the landing speed.
  • A decrease in range.
  • A tendency to yaw to the right on takeoff.

Question 31

Question
If nose wheel moves aft during gear retraction, how will this movement affect the location of the ce"ntre of gravity (CG) on the aircraft?
Answer
  • It will not affect the CG location.
  • It will cause the CG to move aft.
  • It will cause the CG to move forward.
  • The CG location will change, but the direction cannot be told from the information given.

Question 32

Question
In cruise flight, an aft centre of gravity location will:
Answer
  • decrease longitudinal static stability.
  • increase longitudinal static stability.
  • does not influence longitudinal static stability.
  • not change the static curve of stability into longitudinal.

Question 33

Question
A forward CG would result in:
Answer
  • a reduced rate of climb.
  • a decrease in cruise range.
  • a decrease in both rate of climb and cruise range.
  • an increase in both rate of climb and cruise range.

Question 34

Question
Who establishes the limits of CG?
Answer
  • The CAA.
  • The JAA.
  • The manufacturer.
  • The insurers.

Question 35

Question
What effect does the CG on the aft limit have on the fuel consumption of an aeroplane?
Answer
  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • No effect
  • Marginal increase

Question 36

Question
Which combination of weight and CG position will produce the highest stalling speed?
Answer
  • Heavy weight and aft CG.
  • Heavy weight and forward CG.
  • Low weight and aft CG.
  • Low weight and forward CG.

Question 37

Question
If the CG is aft of the neutral point it results in:
Answer
  • increased stability with increased elevator trim.
  • decreased stability with decreased elevator trim.
  • neutral stability.
  • longitudinal instability.

Question 38

Question
An aeroplane is said to be neutrally stable. This is likely to:
Answer
  • be caused by the CG towards the forward limit.
  • be caused by the CG at the aerodynamic centre ofthe aircraft.
  • be totally unrelated to the position of the CG.
  • cause the CG to move forwards.

Question 39

Question
The undercarriage of an aircraft moves rearward when it is being retracted. Does this affect the CG?
Answer
  • No, the position of the CG would remain the same.
  • Yes, but the CG movement could not be calculated.
  • Yes, the CG would move aft.
  • Yes, the CG would move forward.

Question 40

Question
The effect of operating an aeroplane with a CG too far forward is to experience:
Answer
  • inability or difficulty in trimming when flaps are retracted.
  • lower stick forces per G loading.
  • inability or difficulty in flaring on touchdown, resulting in nose-wheel landing first.
  • lower stalling speed.

Question 41

Question
The handling and performance problems encountered with a CG too far aft include:
Answer
  • improvement in nose wheel steering.
  • higher stick forces per G loading with no risk of over-stressing the airframe in maneuvers.
  • difficulty or inability to recover from a spin.
  • no likelihood of a nose up overbalance (on a tricycle gear aircraft) on the ground resulting in tail damage.

Question 42

Question
For a large aircraft where the main and nose landing gears retract forward, the effect on the CG on lowering the gear is:
Answer
  • to move aft.
  • to move forward.
  • to remain static.
  • to move forward then aft.

Question 43

Question
Select the correct statement for the CG safe range:
Answer
  • The safe range falls between the front and rear CG limits but does not include them.
  • The safe range falls between the front and rear CG limits but only includes the fwd limit.
  • The safe range falls between the front and rear CG limits but only includes the aft limit.
  • The safe range falls between the front and rear CG limits and includes both limits.

Question 44

Question
In cruise, an extreme aft longitudinal centre of gravity:
Answer
  • moves away the cyclic stick from its forward stop and increases the stress in the rotor head.
  • brings the cyclic stick closer to its forward stop and decreases the stress in the rotor head.
  • moves away the cyclic stick from its forward stop and decreases the stresses in the head rotors.
  • brings the cyclic stick closer to its forward stop and increases the stress in the rotor head.

Question 45

Question
For a given configuration, the stall speed of an aeroplane will be highest when loaded:
Answer
  • to a low Total Mass with the most forward CG.
  • to a low Total Mass with the most aft CG.
  • to the maximum allowable mass with the most aft CG.
  • to the maximum allowable mass with the most forward CG.

Question 46

Question
What effect has a centre of gravity close to the most forward limit?
Answer
  • A reduction in the specific fuel consumption.
  • A decreased induced drag.
  • A better rate of climb capability.
  • A reduced rate of climb capability.

Question 47

Question
When must the centre of gravity be computed?
Answer
  • After every 400 hrs inspection.
  • Prior to every flight.
  • At least every four years.
  • During every yearly inspection.

Question 48

Question
The effect of an aircraft being tail heavy would be a:
Answer
  • decrease in range.
  • tendency to pitch down during final stage of landing.
  • decreased stalling speed.
  • tendency to roll right during takeoff.

Question 49

Question
One effect on an aircraft that is nose-heavy is:
Answer
  • a tendency for the nose to pitch-up.
  • an increase in range.
  • a decrease in stability.
  • an increase in drag, due to excessive elevator trim.

Question 50

Question
With the centre of gravity outside the forward limit:
Answer
  • longitudinal stability would be reduced and stick forces in pitch increased.
  • longitudinal stability would be reduced and stick forces in pitch reduced.
  • longitudinal stability would be increased and stick force in pitch reduced.
  • longitudinal stability would be increased and stick forces in pitch increased.
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