Question 1
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Users may access the DBMS or indirectly through application programs.
Question 2
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The database is processed by the DBMS.
Question 3
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A database contains four main elements: user data, application programs, metadata, and indexes.
Question 4
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Today, most databases represent user data as trees of data.
Question 5
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In a relation, the columns of the relation contain records for particular entities in the business environment, and the rows of the relation contain fields or attributes.
Question 6
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In a relation, the columns of the relation contain fields or attributes, and the rows of the relation contain records for particular entities in the business environment.
Question 7
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Most DBMS products store the metadata in the form of tables.
Question 8
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System tables contain the user's data.
Question 9
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Developers have a special set of tools for querying metadata that is separate from the query tools for user's data.
Question 10
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Overhead data is a synonym for metadata.
Question 11
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Overhead data is composed primarily of indexes.
Question 12
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Indexes and linked lists are both types of overhead data.
Question 13
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Overhead data contains types of data structures that can improve the performance and accessibility of the database.
Question 14
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Indexes are beneficial for search operations, but at the cost of slowing down sorting operations.
Question 15
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Indexes should be created for every field in a relation, even if they are not currently needed, to support future uses of the data.
Question 16
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Application metadata is used to store the structure of some application components in the database.
Question 17
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Although all DBMS products do not support application components, all DBMS products that do support application components store the structure of those components in application metadata.
Question 18
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While users can not access the application metadata directly, database developers often must directly access application metadata to create database application programs.
Question 19
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The design tool subsystem of the DBMS is responsible for processing the application components.
Question 20
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The design tools subsystem of the DBMS can facilitate the design of a database, but does not have tools to help in actually implementing the design.
Question 21
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If a DBMS includes a programming language or an interface to a programming language, it is considered to be part of the design tool subsystem of the DBMS.
Question 22
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If a DBMS includes a programming language or an interface to a programming language, it is considered to be part of the design tool subsystem of the DBMS.
Question 23
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The run-time subsystem of the DBMS processes the application components.
Question 24
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The DBMS engine acts as an intermediary between the other DBMS components and the database data.
Question 25
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The DBMS engine receives requests from the run-time subsystem and the design tools subsystem and translates them into commands for the operating system to read and write data on physical media.
Question 26
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To retrieve data from the database, the run-time subsystem instructs the operating system to read data from the physical media.
Question 27
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The DBMS engine is involved in transaction management.
Question 28
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The run-time subsystem is responsible for locking, and backup and recovery within the database.
Question 29
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The database schema is a component of the DBMS engine.
Question 30
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A database schema defines a database’s structure – its tables, relationships, domains, and business rules.
Question 31
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A database schema is a set of values that a column can have.
Question 32
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A domain includes the physical format of an attribute and its uniqueness.
Question 33
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Business rules are restrictions on the business’s activities that need to be reflected in the database and database applications.
Question 34
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Business rules can always be enforced in the DBMS if the database is properly designed.
Question 35
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Some DBMS products use “stored procedures” to enforce business rules.
Question 36
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Once a database schema has been designed, the next step in creating a database is to define the relationships.
Question 37
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One disadvantage of declaring a relationship between two tables to the DBMS is that whenever those two tables are used in a form, query, or report the relationship must be declared again.
Question 38
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Identifiers that have no meaning to the users but are created only so that each row in a table will be uniquely identifiable to the DBMS are called foreign keys.
Question 39
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While most DBMS products support creating queries, few actually store the query as part of the application.
Question 40
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A criterion query is a query that has been constructed to accept criteria values at run-time.
Question 41
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A report can be used to enter data into the database as well as display data from the database.
Question 42
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Reports usually have a more complex structure than forms.
Question 43
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Menus can be used to control user access to forms, reports, and programs.
Question 44
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Menus can make application components more accessible to users, but at the cost of losing control over the users’ activities.
Question 45
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Database application programs must be written using a language that is specific to the DBMS.
Question 46
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Predefined program interfaces allow database application programs written in standard programming languages to interact with the DBMS.
Question 47
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Top-down development proceeds from the need to develop a specific system.
Question 48
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Studying the strategic goals of the organization and the information requirements necessary to achieve those goals is characteristic of top-down development.
Question 49
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Top-down development tends to produce useful systems more quickly than bottom-up development.
Question 50
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Bottom-up development produces systems with a global perspective requiring fewer modifications as additional systems are built.
Question 51
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Typically, users can clearly express their needs to the database developer.
Question 52
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Typically, database developers will start with the outputs that the users desire and work backward to infer the data model.
Question 53
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Development of multi-user databases, such as workgroup and organizational databases, is simplified because the developer has more potential sources for information.
Question 54
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Development of multi-user databases is especially difficult when the system is so large that no single user has a model of the complete structure.