Behavioral Theories: Pavlov and Skinner

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• Behavioral Theories: Central Concept: All behavior learned; Behaviors that have pleasurable results repeated 

• Ivan Pavlov Russian Physiologist; Most research in Digestion **  Theory/Model of Classical Conditioning - relates to Physical Responses **  Pavlov's Dogs - bell before food Terminology: 1. Unconditioned stimulus - causes natural response 2. Unconditioned response - natural reflex to stimulus 3. Conditioned stimulus - causes a natural LEARNED response 4. Conditioned response - natural LEARNED REFLEX to stimulus

• B.F. Skinner **  Developed Air-crib; Skinner box - rats press level = food **  Theory/Model of Operant Conditioning - relates to ACTION/CONSEQUENCE approach Terminology: 1. Reinforcement - reward for behavior 2. Terminal behavior - end behavior wanted 3. Shaping - rewards until terminal behavior seen 4. Chaining - teaching in steps (forward/backward) 5. Schedule of reinforcement - continuous & partial 6. Extinction - getting rid of behavior; remove reward