Formulations Formulation chemistry is the mixing of compounds/substances that do not react with each other but produce a mixture with the desired characteristics/properties to suit a particular application/use.   A formulation is a mixture that has been designed as a useful product.   Many products are complex mixtures in which each chemical has a particular purpose.   Formulations are made by mixing the components in carefully measured quantities to ensure that the product has the required properties.   Examples: Fuels, cleaning agents, paints, medicines, alloys, fertilisers and foods.

Identification of Common Gases Hydrogen The test for hydrogen uses a burning splint held at the open end of a test tube of the gas. Hydrogen burns rapidly with a pop sound.   Oxygen The test for oxygen uses a glowing splint inserted into a test tube of the gas. The splint relights in oxygen.   Carbon dioxide The test for carbon dioxide uses an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide (lime water). When carbon dioxide is shaken with or bubbled through limewater the limewater turns milky (cloudy).   Chlorine The test for chlorine uses litmus paper. When damp litmus paper is put into chlorine gas the litmus paper is bleached and turns white.