Introduction

Introduction

Genetics
1. 5'-3' orientation
  1. N terminal --> C terminal
2. Protein chains always begin with Met
Amino acids
1. Negative side chains
  1. Aspartic acid
  2. Glutamic acid
2. Positive side chains
  1. Arginine
  2. Lysine
  3. Histidine
3. Uncharged polar side chains
  1. Asparagine
  2. Glutamine
  3. Serine
  4. Threonine
  5. Tyrosine
4. Nonpolar side chains
  1. Alanine
  2. Glycine
  3. Valine
  4. Leucine
  5. Isoleucine
  6. Proline
  7. Phenylalanine
  8. Methionine
  9. Tryptophan
  10. Cysteine
5. Handedness
  1. L-type
    1. CORN crib
Proteins
1. Polymers of amino acid monomers
2. Peptide bonds
3. Properties
  1. Shared
  2. Unique to each amino acid
4. Secondary structure
  1. Alpha helix
  2. Beta sheet
  3. Determinants
    1. Backbone bonds
      1. Phi angles
      2. Psi angles
    2. Hydrogen bonds between main chain atoms
  4. Supersecondary structure
    1. The arrangement of secondary structural regions
5. Tertiary structure
  1. The way in which secondary structures associate
6. Quaternary structure
  1. The overall protein molecule
  2. Larger association
  3. Folding
7. Bond types
  1. Backbone-backbone
    1. Hydrogen bonds between atoms of two peptide bonds
  2. Backbone-side chain
    1. Hydrogen bond between atoms in peptide bond and amino acid side chain
  3. Side chain-side chain
    1. Hydrogen bonds between two amino acid side chains
  4. Van der Waals
  5. Electrostatic attraction
8. Structure types
  1. Transmembrane
    1. Bacteriorhodopsin
  2. Globular
    1. Myoglobin
  3. Fibrous
    1. Collagen
Chaperonins
1. Specialised proteins which protect folding
  1. Cylindrical
    1. Unfolded protein enters cylinder from one end
      1. Cap attaches to that end
        Cylinder changes shape
        Hydrohilic environment conducive to folding created
  2. Properly folded proteins released
Influences on folding
1. Size
2. Amino acid content
  1. Hydrophilic/hydrophobic
3. Strength of intramolecular interactions
4. Number of S-S bonds
5. Domain architecture

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	Erstellt von Jen Harris vor mehr als 11 Jahre