ATTENTION & PERCEPTION CONT

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Degree with Hons Attention And Perception - DSE 212 Mindmap am ATTENTION & PERCEPTION CONT, erstellt von cutiemcpouty am 26/05/2013.
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ATTENTION & PERCEPTION CONT
  1. SECTION 3 - THEORIES OF PERCEPTION
    1. 3 THEORIES
      1. GREGORY
          1. CONSTRUCTIVIST THEORY
            1. TOP-DOWN PROCESSING
              1. BUILD PERCEPTION OF WORLD FROM INCOMPLETE INFO
                1. USING PREVIOUSLY STORED KNOWLEDGE
                  1. TO INTERPRET SENSORY INFO INCOMING
                    1. AND MAKE SENSE OF IT
                      1. COMBINING IT WITH WHAT THEY KNOW
                        1. FORMING HYPOTHESIS OF WHAT THEY ARE PERCEIVING
            2. EG -HOW ILLUSIONS ARE SEEN
              1. COW PICTURE CANNOT SEE SOMETHING ELSE
            3. GIBSON
              1. CONTRASTING/OPPOSITES
                1. EYSENCK
                  1. PERCEPTION DEPENDS ON BOTH
                    1. TOP DOWN & BOTTOM UP
                      1. HOW DO THESE PROCESSES INFLUENCE PERCEPTION
                        1. EVALUATE IMPORTANCE OF THE 2 KINDS OF PROCESSING
                    2. ANSWER = PRIMARY FACTOR - INFORMATION COMING FROM SENSES
                      1. WHEN EITHER OR BOTH ARE DEFICIENT - TOP DOWN PROCESSING TAKES PRESIDENCE
                        1. TOP DOWN - INFORMATION ALREADY STORED - HOW YOU PERCEIVE IT PREVIOUSLY
                          1. IS HOW YOU WILL REFER TO IT
                            1. AS AMOUNT OF INFO INCREASES TOP DOWN LESS INFLUENCIAL
                              1. FAMILIARITY PLAYS A PART - MORE FAMILIAR ENVIRONMENT
                                1. LESS NEED FOR LARGE AMOUNTS OF TOP-DOWN & ATTENTION
                                  1. LOOKED BUT FAILED TO SEE ACCIDENTS
                                    1. WHEN DRIVERS DRIVE INTO SOMETHING BUT CLAIM DID NOT SEE IT.
                                      1. THING DRIVEN INTO NOT OBVIOUS NOT EXPECTING IT TO BE THERE.
                                        1. IE ROUTE TO WORK - SOMETHING CHANGES, DO NOT LOOK FOR IT.. CYCLIST
                  2. DIRECT PERCEPTION
                    1. BOTTOM UP PROCESSING
                      1. WE DONT USE STORED KNOWLEDGE AT ALL
                        1. SENSORY INFORMATION IS ENOUGH
                      2. BRUCE
                        1. LIZZARD + FLY
                          1. LIZZARD ONLY KNOWS SENSORY INFO ABOUT FLY NOTHING MORE
                            1. AND CAN CATCH FLY - NEEDS NO PREVIOUS INFO ABOUT FLY
                      3. PHENOMENOLOGISTS
                        1. INVOLVED WITH FEELINGS & INDIVIDUALS PERCEPTION OF THE WORLD
                          1. CONCERN THEMSELF WITH - OUR UNIQUE EXPERIENCE OF THE WORLD
                            1. HOW WE VIEW IT DUE TO WHO WE ARE, PAST AND PRESENT
                              1. WHAT IT FEELS LIKE AND WHAT IT MEANS TO YOU
                                1. CALLED - EXPERIENCE OF PERCEPTION
                                  1. HAPPENS BY - KNOWLEDGE & EXPERIENCE OF A SITUATION OR OBJECT
                                    1. AND EVERYONE IS DIFFERENT DUE TO PERSONAL EXPERIENCE
                                      1. EG CUBE - CHILD SEES BUILDING BLOCK - GAMBLER SEES WEALTH, FACE NUMBER OF DICE
                                        1. EXAMPLE CANDLESTICK
                                          1. WE CAN SEE THINGS EITHER WAY IE CANDLESTICK + BACKGROUND OR FACE + BACKGROUND
                                            1. WE WILL CHOOSE WHICH IS MORE RELEVANT TO US AND VIEW IT THAT WAY
                                              1. BUT WE CAN SEE BOTH PICTURES/VISIONS
                            2. HUSSERL
                              1. GERMAN DUDE
                                1. TOP DOWN PROCESSING AFFECTS PERCEPTION IN A RICHER WAY THAN GREGORY BELIEVES
                            3. TOP DOWN ---------------BOTTOM UP
                              1. PHENOMENOLOGY----CONSTRUCTIVISM---DIRECT PERCEPTION
                              2. GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY - PART OF PHENOMENOLOGISTS
                                1. USE OWN KNOWLEDGE OF SUBSECTIONS TO COMPLETE PICTIURE
                                  1. WHOLE IS MORE THAN THE SUM OF THE PARTS
                                    1. EG SPIDER IN THE WILDERNESS - IMPORTANT TO NOTICE THE OBJECT
                                      1. AS COULD BE PREDATOR OR PREY = CAMOUFLAGED
                                        1. WOULD BE IMPORTANT FOR ANCESTORS!!
                              3. FOCUS ON PERCEPTUAL PROCESSES
                              4. SECTION 4 - EVERYDAY COGNITIVE PROCESSES
                                1. SABEY & STAUGHTON
                                  1. LOOK BUT FAIL TO SEE ACCIDENTS
                                    1. EG ...NORMAL ROUTE.. STRANGE OBJECT OR DIFFERENT SITUATION
                                  2. COLE & HUGHES
                                    1. SENSORY CONSPICUITY = PROPERTIES OF AN OBJECT EG SHAPE, COLOUR & BRIGHTNESS
                                      1. MAY NOT ALWAYS BE ENOUGH FOR US TO DETECT THEM AND PERCEIVE THEM
                                      2. ATTENTION CONSPICUITY = HOW LIKELY AN OBJECT IS TO DRAW ATTECTION TO ITSELF
                                        1. EFFECTED BY YOUR OWN EXPECTATIONS.. IF YOU EXPECT TO SEE A MOTORCYCLIST YOUR MORE LIKELY TO NOTICE ONE
                                      3. LANGHAM ET AL
                                        1. SURVEY & QUASI-EXPERIMENT
                                          1. STATIONARY POLICE CARS FITTED WITH SENSORY ENHANCERS... SIRENS, REFLECTIVE MATERIAL, FLASHING LIGHTS ETC
                                            1. ARE SOMETIMES HIT BY DRIVERS WHO FAIL TO SEE THEM
                                              1. HIGHLIGHT THE ROLE OF TOP DOWN PROCESSING & AUTOMATIC PROCESSING
                                                1. IE = WHATS ALREADY BEEN EXPERIENCED IN THE PASSED AND WE PRESUME WILL BE.
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