Zusammenfassung der Ressource
ATTENTION & PERCEPTION CONT
- SECTION 3 - THEORIES OF PERCEPTION
- 3 THEORIES
- GREGORY
- CONSTRUCTIVIST THEORY
- TOP-DOWN PROCESSING
- BUILD PERCEPTION OF WORLD FROM INCOMPLETE INFO
- USING PREVIOUSLY STORED KNOWLEDGE
- TO INTERPRET SENSORY INFO INCOMING
- AND MAKE SENSE OF IT
- COMBINING IT WITH WHAT THEY KNOW
- FORMING HYPOTHESIS OF WHAT THEY ARE PERCEIVING
- EG -HOW ILLUSIONS ARE SEEN
- COW PICTURE CANNOT SEE SOMETHING ELSE
- GIBSON
- CONTRASTING/OPPOSITES
- EYSENCK
- PERCEPTION DEPENDS ON BOTH
- TOP DOWN & BOTTOM UP
- HOW DO THESE PROCESSES INFLUENCE PERCEPTION
- EVALUATE IMPORTANCE OF THE 2 KINDS OF PROCESSING
- ANSWER = PRIMARY FACTOR - INFORMATION COMING FROM SENSES
- WHEN EITHER OR BOTH ARE DEFICIENT - TOP DOWN PROCESSING TAKES PRESIDENCE
- TOP DOWN - INFORMATION ALREADY STORED - HOW YOU PERCEIVE IT PREVIOUSLY
- IS HOW YOU WILL REFER TO IT
- AS AMOUNT OF INFO INCREASES TOP DOWN LESS INFLUENCIAL
- FAMILIARITY PLAYS A PART - MORE FAMILIAR ENVIRONMENT
- LESS NEED FOR LARGE AMOUNTS OF TOP-DOWN & ATTENTION
- LOOKED BUT FAILED TO SEE ACCIDENTS
- WHEN DRIVERS DRIVE INTO SOMETHING BUT CLAIM DID NOT SEE IT.
- THING DRIVEN INTO NOT OBVIOUS NOT EXPECTING IT TO BE THERE.
- IE ROUTE TO WORK - SOMETHING CHANGES, DO NOT LOOK FOR IT.. CYCLIST
- DIRECT PERCEPTION
- BOTTOM UP PROCESSING
- WE DONT USE STORED KNOWLEDGE AT ALL
- SENSORY INFORMATION IS ENOUGH
- BRUCE
- LIZZARD + FLY
- LIZZARD ONLY KNOWS SENSORY INFO ABOUT FLY NOTHING MORE
- AND CAN CATCH FLY - NEEDS NO PREVIOUS INFO ABOUT FLY
- PHENOMENOLOGISTS
- INVOLVED WITH FEELINGS & INDIVIDUALS PERCEPTION OF THE WORLD
- CONCERN THEMSELF WITH - OUR UNIQUE EXPERIENCE OF THE WORLD
- HOW WE VIEW IT DUE TO WHO WE ARE, PAST AND PRESENT
- WHAT IT FEELS LIKE AND WHAT IT MEANS TO YOU
- CALLED - EXPERIENCE OF PERCEPTION
- HAPPENS BY - KNOWLEDGE & EXPERIENCE OF A SITUATION OR OBJECT
- AND EVERYONE IS DIFFERENT DUE TO PERSONAL EXPERIENCE
- EG CUBE - CHILD SEES BUILDING BLOCK - GAMBLER SEES WEALTH, FACE NUMBER OF DICE
- EXAMPLE CANDLESTICK
- WE CAN SEE THINGS EITHER WAY IE CANDLESTICK + BACKGROUND OR FACE + BACKGROUND
- WE WILL CHOOSE WHICH IS MORE RELEVANT TO US AND VIEW IT THAT WAY
- BUT WE CAN SEE BOTH PICTURES/VISIONS
- HUSSERL
- GERMAN DUDE
- TOP DOWN PROCESSING AFFECTS PERCEPTION IN A RICHER WAY THAN GREGORY BELIEVES
- TOP DOWN ---------------BOTTOM UP
- PHENOMENOLOGY----CONSTRUCTIVISM---DIRECT PERCEPTION
- GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY - PART OF PHENOMENOLOGISTS
- USE OWN KNOWLEDGE OF SUBSECTIONS TO COMPLETE PICTIURE
- WHOLE IS MORE THAN THE SUM OF THE PARTS
- EG SPIDER IN THE WILDERNESS - IMPORTANT TO NOTICE THE OBJECT
- AS COULD BE PREDATOR OR PREY = CAMOUFLAGED
- WOULD BE IMPORTANT FOR ANCESTORS!!
- FOCUS ON PERCEPTUAL PROCESSES
- SECTION 4 - EVERYDAY COGNITIVE PROCESSES
- SABEY & STAUGHTON
- LOOK BUT FAIL TO SEE ACCIDENTS
- EG ...NORMAL ROUTE.. STRANGE OBJECT OR DIFFERENT SITUATION
- COLE & HUGHES
- SENSORY CONSPICUITY = PROPERTIES OF AN OBJECT EG SHAPE, COLOUR & BRIGHTNESS
- MAY NOT ALWAYS BE ENOUGH FOR US TO DETECT THEM AND PERCEIVE THEM
- ATTENTION CONSPICUITY = HOW LIKELY AN OBJECT IS TO DRAW ATTECTION TO ITSELF
- EFFECTED BY YOUR OWN EXPECTATIONS.. IF YOU EXPECT TO SEE A MOTORCYCLIST YOUR MORE LIKELY TO NOTICE ONE
- LANGHAM ET AL
- SURVEY & QUASI-EXPERIMENT
- STATIONARY POLICE CARS FITTED WITH SENSORY ENHANCERS... SIRENS, REFLECTIVE MATERIAL, FLASHING LIGHTS ETC
- ARE SOMETIMES HIT BY DRIVERS WHO FAIL TO SEE THEM
- HIGHLIGHT THE ROLE OF TOP DOWN PROCESSING & AUTOMATIC PROCESSING
- IE = WHATS ALREADY BEEN EXPERIENCED IN THE PASSED AND WE PRESUME WILL BE.