Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Immune System
- Non-specific defences
- Barriers
- First line of defence
- Skin destroys some
pathogens; saliva in
mouth kills most
pathogens,
hydrochloric acid in
stomach kills others;
salty tears kill most
entering your eyes;
mucus membrane to
trap and destroy
pathogens.
- The enzyme LYSOZYME plays
an important role b/c it destroys
the cell walls of bacteria.
- Inflammation
- Second line of defence
- Prevents pathogens from
spreading to nearby tissues
- Destroys and removes
pathogens and damaged cells.
- Prepares your body for
healing
- White blood cells involved -
macrophages (enlarged
monocytes) and neutrophils
- Phagocytosis occurs
Anmerkungen:
- Phagocytosis is when the macrophages attached themselves to the pathogen, surround it, and then chemically destroy it using enzymes.
- Fever occurs if whole
body approach is
needed.
- Specific defence
- Immune Response -
Third line of defence
- 1. Identify &
activate
response
- B cells respond to
antigens by designing
and making
antibodies.
- Helper T cells (T cells)
coordinate the immune
response; activate B cell to
produces antigens and then
activate the killer T cells.
- 2. Kill
pathogen
- Killer T cells (K cells) destroy any disabled
pathogens.
- 3. Remember
pathogen
- Memory B cells (M cells) retain information
about foreign antigens and the antibodies that
fought them.
- Memory B cells immediately recognise if the same
pathogen enters the bdy and very rapidly produce the
antibodies to destroy them.