Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Ice on the Land
- Last Ice Age
- 2 million years ago
- 30% of earth under ice
- Ended 10,000 years ago
- Local Ice Coverage
- Glacial Budget
- net increase or decrease
- Forming - Melting
- Zone of Accumulation
- Top of Valley glacier
- More falling than melting
- Amount of Ice increases
- Zone of Abolation
- End of valley glacier
- Moves as glacier retreats
- More Melting than forming
- Ice amounts decrease
- Sign of a glacier in the UK
- Terminal Morrian
- Tadcaster
- Drumlins
- West Coast
- Erosional Landforms
- Ice Sheet Erosion
- Highland Scotland
- Terms
- Glacial Period
- Cold/Freezing
- Interglacial Period
- Warm/melting
- Climate Shift
- Dramatic Change
- Causes
- Volcanic Eruption
- Greenhouse effect
- Sunspot Activity
- Change in ocean currents
- Firn Ice
- Compressed Snow
- Glacial Ice
- Compress Firn Ice
- Blue
- Snow Line
- Above which Snow remains all year
- Valley Glacier
- Top of Young Fold Mountains
- Ice due to altitude
- Faster
- Ice Sheet
- Examples
- Greenland
- Flat, due to latitude
- Movement Landforms
- Lateral Morrain
- Sides of Glacier
- Deposited
- Eroded From
- Medial Morrain
- Middle
- 2 merged
- Ground Morrain
- Underneath Glacier
- Seen when Retreat
- Over Till
- Terminal Morrain
- Buldozed
- End/abolation
- Dam for Ribbon Lake
- Changes to Landscape
- Erosion
- Plucking
- Ice freezes around Rock
- Glacier moves
- Takes Rock
- Increases Abrasion
- Abrasion
- Gauges Valley
- Caused by Rock underneath
- Scratches Ground
- Weathering
- Freeze Thaw
- Into Cracks & freezes
- Water Expands + causes weakness
- Rock Chips and shatters
- Ice moves as one solid, cracks form
- Movement & Transportation
- Rotational Slip
- Obstacle causes upward movement
- Pressure moves other side up
- Buldozing
- Material pushed in front of glacier
- Terminal Morrain
- Deposition
- Overloaded Glacier, deposit
- Glacial till
- Bolder Clay
- Erosional Landforms
- U-shaped Trough
- Formed by valley Glacier
- Steep sides, flat bottom
- misfit stream
- Arête
- Sharp Ridge
- Two valleys back to back
- Steep on sides
- Corrie
- Hollow at top of Valley
- Freeze Thaw
- plucking
- Snow causes rotational slip
- Pyramedal Peak
- 3 arêtes
- Highest point
- Misfit Stream
- bottom of U-shaped trough
- thin
- Hanging Valley
- Small Tributary Glacier
- suspended
- less ice, less deep
- Waterfalls
- Truncated Spur
- end cut off by glacier
- Interlocking to edge of glacier
- Ribbon Lake
- Narrow
- fill bottom of valley
- Terminal Morrain
- Natural Dam
- Glacial Till
- sediment deposited as retreats
- Ground + Terminal Morrain
- Bolder Clay
- Drumlins
- Elongated hill
- Larger at Head
- Groups of Drumlins
- West Coast UK
- Erratics
- Rock deposited on different Rock
- Large Bolders
- Glacial Retreat
- Problems
- Not enough snow for Skiing
- Unsustainable Sport
- Tourists Unimpressed
- Pontresina
- 80m retreat in 2003
- Supplies Resovoir
- Usually 0.5 metres
- Social Impacts
- Diversification
- Skiing Unsustainable
- Out migration
- Avalanches
- Pontresina
- Could be destroyed
- Environmental Impact
- Artificial Snow
- Courmayeur/Geves
- From Lake - destroys habitat
- 2007 Hamenkamm
- From other mountains
- Damage Ecosystem
- Increased Risk of Avalanches
- Economic Impact
- Banks won’t lend below 1500m
- Bad for small businesses
- Threatens Jobs
- Kitzbuehel
- Hamenkamm cancelled 2007
- Snow cost 300000 euros
- 800m
- Courmayeur
- Human Uses & Problems
- WInter: skiing, Summer: hiking.
- Scenary
- Mont Blanc
- Culture
- Historic Village
- Après Ski
- Transport Links
- Geneva
- Milan
- Turin
- Mont Blanc Tunnel
- Impacts of Tourism
- Social
- less out migration
- locals use facilities
- high house prices
- dilutes culture
- Peak - tourists 3:1
- Economic
- jobs for locals
- transport
- serivces
- water
- power
- shopping
- local farms loose land
- seasonal unemployment
- Environmental
- Awareness of environment
- visual pollution
- lifts, runs, houses
- vegetation stripped
- more cars; more acid rain
- Potencial Risks
- global warming = less snow
- artificial snow
- wasteful
- harmful
- Soil erosion
- Avalanches
- noise
- vibration
- Human Problems
- 1.5 million people on lifts per hour
- Accidents
- Management Strategies
- Shuttle Buses
- less traffic
- less pollution
- Train Link
- 1 in 6 tourist use it
- New slopes follies natural terrain
- Additives in fake snow banned
- Pontresina, Switserland
- Frost melting on Mount Schaftberg
- creeping permafrost
- trigger avalanches
- village barriers
- iron fences