Metals

Metals

FERROUS
1. IRON
  1. Wrought Iron: This was used by the Romans.
    1. It was forged rather than cast.
      1. Forging is when you heat the metal to a high heat (red hot) and hammer it into shape.
      2. Britain had lots of iron ore mines.
      3. They also had lots of forests so it was easier to get fuel for the furnaces.
  2. Pig Iron: Used for the industrial revolution.
    1. Abraham Darby 1st (1678-1717)
      1. He developed a way of making lots of pig iron at once.
        This was important for the industrial revolution.
        This was by casting molten iron.
        He made sand casting techniques which made i possible to make high standard cast products.
  3. Properties of cast iron.
    1. Cast iron has a carbon content of 2.1% and up.
    2. It is brittle which means it can snap.
    3. It is likely to break or shatter if it is dropped or met with an impact.
2. Metals that contain iron.
3. This rusts and corrodes.
NON-FERROUS
1. Non-ferrous metals are ones that don't contain any iron.
  1. This means that they do not rust or suffer from contact with water.
  2. This means the are not attracted to magnets.
  3. Aluminium
    1. Properties
      1. Light grey in colour. Smelted from bauxite ore. Aluminium 95%, Copper 4%, Manganese 1%.
      2. Ductile (easily stretched), soft, malleable, light.
      3. It resists corrosion and can be cast into products from ingots.
ALLOY
1. An alloy is a metal (parent metal) combined with other substances (alloying agents).
  1. This gives it better properties like; strength, hardness, durability, ductility (easily stretched), tensile strength (how resistant it is to breaking) and toughness.
  2. The parent metal is the majority of the alloy.
  3. An example is, mild steel. It is 0.1% - 0.3% Carbon and 99.7% - 99.9%

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