Zusammenfassung der Ressource
The Branches and Levels
of Canadian Government
- Legislative
Branch
- Federal
- Also known as the Parliament;
consists of the Monarch/Queen
(represented by the Governor
General), the House of Commons,
and the Senate
- A bill must be given Royal Assent by
the Governor General to become a law
- Bills must be approved by both
the House of Commons and the
Senate to become a law
- Senate (The Upper House of
Parliament)
- Thought of as the "Second Sober
Thought"; as bills must be approved by
the Senate to become a law
- Members of the Senate are
appointed by the Governor
General (advised by the
Prime Minister) and
represent different regions of
Canada
- There are
currently 338
seats
- If majority of the members
disagree they have the power
to delay bills
- Proposes, amends, or repeals bills
passed by the House of Commons or
generate new bills
- There are some restrictions for the
Senate on proposing bills, for
example, they cannot introduce bills
that impose taxes
- Only the House of Commons
has the power (to introduce
bills that the Senate cannot),
though the Senate can
change or reject those bills
- A bill can be
introduced by the
government or as a
private member's bill
to either the House of
Commons or the
Senate
- Cabinet ministers may also
propose bills to the House
of Commons
- The House of Commons (The
Lower House of Parliament)
- Can make, change,
and repeal laws
- Members of Parliament (MP's) are elected
by public
- There are 105
Members of
the Senate
- They meet in the
House of Commons to
discuss and vote on
public issues
- During second and third
readings of a bill, the MP's
debate and vote on bill
- Unofficially the most
powerful part of the
Legislative branch
- Center Block on Parliament Hill
- Makes laws for all of Canada
(dealing with matters such as
income tax, monetary policies,
national defense and other areas)
- Provincial
- Consists of Lieutenant-Governor (the Queen's provincial
representative) and Legislature; in Ontario Members of
Provincial Parliament (MPP's) are elected, different
provinces (and territories) refer to the legislature with
other titles
- Members represent the people in
their constituencies and the people's
interests
- Members of Provincial or
Territorial Legislature are able
to introduce and change laws
by drafting bills and voting
- The bill goes through an introduction and
three readings before being passed as a law
- The Lieutenant-Governor must sign the bill for it to
become a law (referred to as royal assent)
- Ontario's Lieutenant-Governor
Elizabeth Dowdeswell
- Legislative Assembly of Ontario
- Makes laws regarding
provincial prisons,
natural resources,
hospitals or health
care and more
- Municipal
- City councillors have the power to create bylaws on issues
specific to that community (such as the construction of
buildings in a neighbourhood or relating to garbage disposal
and other responsibilities delegated by the federal
government)
- Members of Council, City Officials, and
committees make recommendations to
the City Council who then creates or
alters bylaws (based on those
recommendations)
- Decisions are finalized in a meeting and the
bylaw is enacted
- There is no representative for the
Head of State at in the municipal
level
- The Richmond Hill Council Chamber in
which council meetings are held
- The mayor also
signs bylaws
discussed in
meetings
- The mayor
implements the
plans, policies and
objectives of the
city council
- Has the power to make laws and
amend them; they introduce
and pass legislation for all
Canadians
- All levels of Government can
create, change, and repeal laws
though each level focuses on
different areas or issues
- Executive
Branch
- Federal
- Consists of the Governor General
(representing the Queen/Head of
State), the Prime Minister, and the
Cabinet
- Cabinet ministers are appointed by the Prime
Minister and assigned a specific portfolio (ex.
finance, defense, justice, etc.)
- Justin Trudeau and his
Cabinet ministers
- Cabinet ministers ensure their departments
(depending on their portfolio) obey the law as
well as plan, decide on, and implement
government policies
- The Prime Minister and Cabinet
control the daily running of the
federal government
- The Prime Minister,
leader of Canada,
speaks on behalf of all
Canadians and his/her
political party
- Justin Trudeau,
Canada's current
Prime Minister
- The
- The Governor General is
responsible for fulfilling
the role of the Queen if
she were in Canada
- Current Governor
General Julie
Payette
- Is responsible for executing and
overseeing the plans and laws
made by the legislative government
- Enforces laws
created by
legislative branch
- Provincial
- Consists of the Lieutenant-Governor,
the Premier, and the Provincial
Cabinet
- The Premier and Provincial
Cabinet control the daily
government on a provincial level
- Kathleen Wynne
and her Cabinet
MInisters
- Ontario's Premier
Kathleen Wynne
- Municipal
- The mayor is elected in each
municipality and is the head
of council
- The mayor has statutory duties and executive powers including
leading the council by recommending plans to the council to
improve the municipality and holding council meetings
- Dave Barrow, the
Mayor of Richmond Hill
- Judicial
Branch
- Federal
- The Supreme Court of Canda
- Canada's final and highest court of
appeal; all judgments made are final
- Deals with conflicts deemed highly
important to public or is an
important issue or question with
the law that should be addressed
- Affects all the
branches of
government and their
development
- Has nine judges including
the The Chief of Justice
- Also other federal courts (ex. the Federal
Court of Appeal and the Tax Court of Canada)
- Only level of government able to
appoint and pay judges from
superior/upper-level provincial courts
- Interprets laws in case
of disputes and judge
who is innocent or
guilty of breaking a
law and deciding on a
penalty
- This branch is independent from the legislative and
executive branch to ensure the rule of law (an
element of democracy) is kept; the members of
Parliament are not above the law
- Deal with all matters regarding law
in Canada, including Aboriginal,
administrative, constitutional,
criminal law and more
- Composed of
courts and
the judiciary
- Provincial
- Consists of provincial courts (ex.
the Ontario Court of
Justice) and lesser courts
- The Supreme Court hears appeals from the
superior provincial and territorial courts as
well as the other federal courts
- Superior Courts are highest
level of provincial and
territorial courts; they can
review decisions made by
other provincial courts
- Deal with most serious criminal offences
- Settle conflicts within their
provincial jurisdiction
(includes most criminal
offences, money and family
issues
- People arrested (for criminal offence) by
police then go to court for trial
- Municipal
- At a local level, police officers have
a role in the judicial branch
- York Regional
Police
- Separated into different
districts for each city
(Richmond Hill is district #2)
- Map showing how the
region is divided into the
four districts
- Main goal is to achieve a safe
environment for citizens by
preventing crime
- Enforce laws (created by all three levels of legislative
government) everyday in public by penalizing people
that break them (ex. giving tickets to drivers for speeding)