Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Approaches- Behaviourism
- Only interested in
observable and therefore
measurable behaviour
- Disregarded mental
processes and role
of biology
- Primarily used
lab studies to
maintain
objectivity
- Also studied animals, as they
are quantitatively different
but qualitatively similar
- Classical conditioning
- Pavlov's dogs
- Unconditioned stimulus- food
- Unconditioned response- salivation
- Neutral stimulus- bell
- Response- none
- Food+ bell
- Response- salivation
- Conditioned stimulus- bell
- Conditioned response- salivation
- Learning through association
- Operant conditioning
- Learning through consequences
- Skinner's rats
- 1953
- Positive reinforcement
- Rat in box, presses lever, gets treat
- Learns to press lever via reward
- Negative reinforcement
- Rat in box, floor is electrified, presses lever, floor turns off
- Learns to press lever to avoid negative occurence
- Positive reinforcement
- Reward for behaviour
- Punishment
- Unpleasant consequence
- Negative reinforcement
- Removal from unpleasant situation, no reward
- Evaluation
- Scientific credibility
- Objectivity and replication
- Real life application
- Token economy systems
- Treatment of phobias
- Mechanistic view of behaviour
- Suggests passivity of people
- Disregards activity of mental processes
- Environmental determinism
- No free will
- Ethical and practical issues of animal studies
- Causes harm
- Pain and stress affects responses
- Not people