Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Yellow Eyes
- Abdullah,
27 years
old,
Dentist
- Jaundice?
- Causes:
- Ddx:
- Viral infections
- Hep A, B & C
- Chronic alcohol abuse
- Autoimmune disorders
- Drugs
- Pregnancy
- Due to bilirubin accumulation
- Heme Degradation & Bilirubin metabolism
- Causes of liver cirrhosis:
- Viral infection
- Tumor
- Drugs
- alpha 1 antitrypsin def.
- Alcohol abuse
- Anatomy and Histology of GB
- Embryology
- Physiology of GB
- Storage of bile
- Release of Bile into
the intestines in
response to CCK
- Abnormality?
- Gallstones
- Risk factors:
- Female
- >= 40 years old
- Native or Mexican American
- Overweight or obese
- Sedentary
- High-fat and Low-fiber diet
- Family history
- S&S
- Sudden and rapidly
intensifying pain in
RUQ
- Nausea or Vomiting
- Types:
- Cholesterol Gallstones
- yellow undissolved cholesterol
- Pigment Gallstones
- when the bile contains too much bilirubin.
- Why?
- bile contains too
much cholesterol.
- the bile contains
too much bilirubin.
- the gallbladder doesn't
empty correctly .
- Investigations?
- 1- Imaging
- Ultrasound
- CT Scan
- 2- Bile tests:
- HIDA, MRI and ERCP
- 3- Blood tests:
- To look for complications
- Treatment and prevention: :
- Surgery to remove the GB
- Medications to dissolve the gallstones
- Don't skip meals
- Lose weight slowly
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Hepatitis
- A "Picornavirus"
- Acute only, RNA , IP: 2-6 weeks and feco-oral route
- Most common S&S:
- Fatigue
- Nausea and vomiting
- Fever
- Hepatomegaly
- jaundice
- Dark urine
- Anorexia
- Rash
- Prevention:
- B "Hepadnavirus
- DNA, in blood & saliva & serum & vaginal
fluids, STD & parenteral and IP: 60 days
- Prevention
- Most common S&S:
- Gradual onset of anorexia
- Malaise
- fatigue
- Fever
- Arthritis and
arthralgias
- Jaudice
- Nausea and
vomiting
- Treatment
- Lamivudine
- Adefovir
- Entacavir
- Pegylated IFN
- C "Flavivirus"
- RNA, similar transmission as HepB, Chronic
infection, IP: 15-150 days and diagnosed by HCV AB
- Most common S&S:
- During acute infection
- similar to HepB
- 80% are
asymptomatic and
do not develop
icterus
- Treatment
- Ribavirin
- Boceprevir
- Telaprevir
- Daclatsevir
- Sofosbuvir
- Pegylated IFN
- NO VACCINE
- D "Delta virus"
- RNA, only multiple in a HBV infected cell >>
co-infection, superinfection increases liver
damage rate and IP: 35 days
- Most common S&S:
- severe acute hepatitis only in patients
developing chronic superinfection
- E "Calcivirus"
- RNA, feco-oral route, IP: 5-6 weeks, severly
affects pregnant women, no vaccines and
diagnosis by HEV-specific IgM
- Most common S&S:
- Acute self-limited
- No reports exists of chronic infection
- Lab tests:
- UCB
- Mixed
- CB
- People at risk:
- People not vaccinated for
HAV and HBV
- Poor sanitation
- Drug Abuse
- Travel history
- High endemic areas for HBV and BDV
- Unsafe intercourse