Zusammenfassung der Ressource
The Russian revolution
Anmerkungen:
- The Russian Revolution is one of the most important events of the 20th century. It supposed that the Russian Empire happened to be the USSR and also gave rise to the first socialist government in the world.
- MAIN CAUSES
- First World
War
Anmerkungen:
- The constant defeats suffered by the Russian armies and the numerous casualties led to the discredit of the last Tsarist dynasty.
- War
Russian-Japanese
Anmerkungen:
- The Tsarist army was defeated by the Japanese.
- Economic
crisis
Anmerkungen:
- This was due to the little development of the industrial sector and economic dependence on the foreigner.
- Emptiness
Alejandra's
unpopularity
Anmerkungen:
- The wife of Tsar Nicholas II was against any reform favorable to the people, so he won the hatred of this.
- 2 revolutions
- 1905
- Objectives of this revolution
- The bad government was
denounced, without wanting
to overthrow the Tsar in the
beginning
- They wanted the
incorporation of reforms
- Duma
Anmerkungen:
- With the aim of wanting to solve the strikes and revolts, Nicholas II undertook to endow the Duma (assembly) with legislative powers. However, it proved ineffective.
- Soviets
Anmerkungen:
- Groups or assemblies of workers, soldiers and Russian peasants. They emerged at this time in order to try to change the situation of the country.
- Bloody Sunday
Anmerkungen:
- The so-called Bloody Sunday was the trigger for this revolution.
This name is given to the massacre at the hands of the Russian army in a demonstration of workers (due to lack of food) before the Tsarist government.
- Political Parties
Anmerkungen:
- During these years a series of parties were created which aspired to reach power to reassure the people and establish a new form of government
- Russian Social
Democratic political
party
Anmerkungen:
- They defended the principles of Marxism imposed by Marx and Engels.
- Mensheviks
Anmerkungen:
- Minority faction of the Russian Social Democratic Party, formed by moderate socialists, its leaders were Plekhanov and Martov.
They were in favor of the search for a period of transition that could transform Russia into an industrialized country.
- Bolsheviks
Anmerkungen:
- Major fraction of the Russian Social Democratic Party, formed by radical socialists, its leader was Lennin.
They were supporters of the seizure of power.
- Democratic
Constitutional Political
Party
Anmerkungen:
- Formed by an urban bourgeois minority seeking a liberal ideology.
- Revolutionary
Socialist political
party
Anmerkungen:
- Mostly formed by discontented peasants in the semifeudal situation in which they were.
- 1917
- February
revolution
- Daily manifestations
Anmerkungen:
- Due to the First World War, the number of deaths, the economic collapse and the shortage of cities produced a great social unrest that led to revolts and general and daily demonstrations.
- Abdication of Nicolás II
Anmerkungen:
- The Russian army did not have the means to suppress the revolution, so the Tsar was forced to abdicate on March 2, 1917.
- Lenin returns from exile
Anmerkungen:
- Vladimir Lenin, who had been exiled for being a revolutionary, returns and with Leon Trotski begins to convince the people and defend the postulates of Karl Marx.
- Provisional government
Anmerkungen:
- This government would end up heading Aleksandr Kérenski and would be supported by the Mensheviks.
- October
revolution
- power takeover of the Bolsheviks
Anmerkungen:
- Lenin had convinced the people, and therefore, controlled the soviets. Thanks to this, he achieved control of the government with the Bolsheviks, and imposed himself as president.
- Council of Commissioners of the Village
Anmerkungen:
- Under Lenin's presidency, this Council was created to be a government institution.
- Constituent Assembly
Anmerkungen:
- In November of 1917 elections would be held to elect a Constituent Assembly.
However, contrary to what Lenin thought, his party was not a winner, so he dissolved the Assembly and Russia came under the control of the Communist Party.
- Civil War
Anmerkungen:
- This resulted in a civil war between two sides.
Finally the conflict culminated with the victory of the Red Army.
- Red
Russia
Anmerkungen:
- Formed by the Bolsheviks.
- White
Russia
Anmerkungen:
- Formed by people who defended the Tsarist autocracy
- Marxism-Leninism
Anmerkungen:
- Vladimir Lenin created a new model called Marxism-Leninism, very similar to Marxism and imposed the dictatorship of the proletariat of which Marx and Engels spoke
- USSR
Anmerkungen:
- Finally the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was formed
in 1922, and after the death of Lenin, Stalin prevailed before Trotsky.