done any time between 18 weeks
and 20 weeks plus six days to check
if the baby is developing normally
and the location of the placenta.
High Vaginal Swab
taken at the first visit, at 30
weeks and before the birth.
Stages of labour
Management of
preterm labour
Goals of treatment
inhibit strength
and frequencies of
contractures
Mg sulfate (tocolytic)
optimize fetal
status before
preterm delivery
corticosteriods
intensive care and
resuscication team
Group B strep.
prophylaxis
Complications of prematurity
Short-term complications
Breathing problems
Heart problems
Brain problems
Temperature control problems
Gastrointestinal problems
Blood problems
Metabolism problems
Immune system problems
Long-term complications
Cerebral palsy
Impaired learning
Vision problems
Hearing problems
Dental problems
Behavioral and psychological problems
Chronic health issues
Effects of prematurity on mother-infant
relationship
parents of preterm infants reported less bonding
problems compared to parents of full-terms
Examination of the newborn
Baby Reflexes
Root Reflex
Suck Reflex
Moro Reflex
Tonic Neck Reflex
Grasp Reflex
Babinski Reflex
Step Reflex
challenges in the immediate neonatal period
The earlier in a pregnancy that babies
are born, the less prepared their bodies
are for the outside world. challenges are:
Staying warm
Feeding
Breathing
Infections
bleeding in the brain
eyes are not ready for the
outside world
Lactation
Estrogen stimulates growth of the ductal system of the breasts
growth hormone, prolactin, the adrenal glucocorticoids,
and insulin → Protein metabolism
Progesterone Is Required for Full Development of
the Lobule-Alveolar System (final development).
breastfeeding
Advantages
babies
Stronger immune systems
Less diarrhea, constipation,
gastroenteritis
Fewer colds and
respiratory illnesses
Fewer ear infections
Better vision
Lower rates of infant mortality
Lower rates of SIDS
mothers
physically
faster weight loss
after birth
Stimulates the uterus to
contract and return to
normal size
Less postpartum bleeding
Fewer UTI
Less chance of anemia
Less risk of postpartum depression
emotionally
produces the naturally
oxytocin and prolactin
promote stress reduction
Increased confidence
and self-esteem
Increased calmness
Breastfeeding makes
travel easier
Physical/emotional bonding
for life
Lower risk of
breast cancer
Lower risk of ovarian cancer
Lower risk of RA & lupus
Less endometriosis
Less osteoporosis with age
Less diabetes
Less hypertension
Less CVD
contraindications
baby has galactosaemia
Mother has active
untreated tuberculosis
Mother is receiving therapeutic
radio- active isotopes
Mother is receiving
antimetabolites
Mother is receiving
chemotherapeutic agents
Mother has herpes
simplex lesions on a breast
Mother is HIV positive
Mother is abusing drugs
Postnatal follow up
For all mothers
For all Newborns
Pap smear
a method of cervical screening
used to detect potentially
pre-cancerous and cancerous
processes in the cervix
It is recommended from 21
years of age until the age of 65
It has a screening of once every
3-5 years depending on the
sexual behavior of the patient
If results are abnormal, then a
pap smear should be taken
every 6-12 months depending on
the severity of the abnormality
Preventive medical
initiatives for women
and promoting a
health campaign
Well woman preventive visits
Screening for gestational DM
Cervical cancer screening
Counseling for STIs
Screening for HIV
Breastfeeding services and equipment
Breast cancer screening
Fatima, 32yrs old
came for antenatal
care in 12wks
pregnancy. had cone
biopsy revealed CIN. in
past 24hrs she had
backache and
abdominal cramps
that intensified in the
past six hours. She
had a vaginal delivery
of a male infant
weighing 2kg about 26
hours after admission