Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Electricity
- Static Electricity
- Static means: lacking in movement,
action, or change
- only moves through discharge (spark, lightning, etc.)
- useless, dangerous and uncontrollable
- Laws of Electrical Charges
- like charges repel
- opposite charges attract
- Current Electricity
- Electricity flows if two conditions
are met:
- a source
- a complete path
or circuit
- Electrical current
- Measurements
- voltage
- measurement of how much electrical
energy each charged particle carries
- Measured in volts (V) with voltmeter
- V=IxR=V
- Resistance (R)
- measure of difficulty for electrons to
move through a substance
- measured in ohms (omega symbol) with ohmmeter
- Ohm's Law
- as long as temperature stays the same
- resistance of conductor remains constant
- current is directly proportional to voltage applied
- resistance causes heat and light
- R=V/I=*omega*
- current (I)
- steady flow of charged
particles
- measured in amperes (A)
with ammeter
- rheostat/variable
resistor controls
amount of current
- I=V/R=A
- Power
- rate at which a device converts energy
- P=IxV
- Measured in watts/kilowatts (1000 watts)
- P=I x V
- Energy
- E=Pxt (time in seconds)
- measured in Joules
- amount of power needed for situation
- 4 types
- Chemical
- form of potential or stored
energy stored inside
chemicals. Released when
chemicals react
- Mechanical
- energy posessed
by object because
of its motion or
potential to move
- Thermal
- total kinetic energy in a
substance (faster moving
particles=more kinetic
energy=more thermal
energy=warmer)
- Thermocouple
- device that
converts
thermal energy
to electrical
- Electrical
- energy of charged particles
- Electrical Cost
- Cost=P(kw) x t(hours) x Rate
- Cells and Batteries
- Batteries
- connected cells
- electrolysis
- uses batteries to split
molecules back into their
elements
- electroplating
- use of electricity to coat an
object with a thin layer of
metal
- item to be coated and bar of coating
metal immersed in liquid electrolyte. Electric
source connected between the 2 metals
(metal to coat connected to positive
electrode). Flow of electricity through
electrolyte deposits atoms from positive
charged metal to negative charged one
- Primary cells
- Dry Cells
- use paste
electrolytes;
electrons released
through chemical
reaction with
metal electrodes
- wet cells
- uses acidic liquid
electrolyte, which eats
away at electrodes,
leaving behind electrons
- secondary cells
- rechargable
- reverses chemical
reaction by running
electricity back through
cell using outside
electrical source
- conductors
- electrons
are not
bound to
nuclei-free
to move
- conduct best when
cold-less resistance
- insulators
- electrons tightly
bound to nuclei
- Schematics
- symbols used in the planning or blue
prints of an electrical circuit, each
component with a different symbol
- Circuits
- Series
- one circuit with one route
- Parallel
- One circuit with two route option circuits within it
- Is the flow of electrons