The Four Dumas 1906-1917

The First Duma 1906
1. Overview
  1. Millions turned out to vote in the the first Duma. The Cadets won the majority, with the Trudoviksm taking second place, with the Mensheviks boycotting the Duma. It would be dissolved after 3 months due to the Vyborg manifesto.
2. Successes
  1. The popularity of the Duma demonstrated a step in the right direction
3. Failures
  1. Out of 391 proposed reforms, only two were passed (Capital punishment removal and aid for famine.
  2. The dissolution showed the Tsar's unwilling to commit to the Duma.
  3. The fundamental law, to the Cadets. broke the promise of a democracy.
The Second Duma 1907
1. Overview
  1. Lasting only 6 months, the Duma saw a Trudovik majority, with the Mensheviks and SR's taking part in the Duma. However, many cadets had been banned from elections/ It would be dissolved after police accused some of encouraging strikes.
2. Successes
  1. Several of Stolypins land reforms were passed.
3. Failures
  1. The Trudovik majority's wish for land distribution was ignored in favour of Stolypins reforms.
  2. The Tsar seemed to find any excuse to dissolve the Duma- This angered many.
  3. Nothing the Duma suggested was passed.
The Third Duma 1907-12
1. Overview
  1. A drastic change in the voting system meant that votes from the rich would outweigh those of the poor. 1% of the electorate voted for 300 of the 442 deputies. The Duma was ruled by the Octoborists and was incredibly conservative.
2. Successes
  1. The Duma would serve it's full four year term.
  2. Stolypin could pass his and reforms.
  3. Legislation for setting up schools for the poor, unemployment pay and medical fees were approved.
  4. The Duma was very cooperative, with the conservative Octoborists and rightists taking control.
3. Failures
  1. The new voting system veiled the problems voiced by the peasants and radicals.
  2. The Duma was no longer the democratic system it had promised to be.
The Fourth Duma 1912-17
1. Overview
  1. Stolypins replacement, Valdimir Kokovyov, was incredibly conservative, angering even the Octoborists. Its dissolution would come during the war,when the Tsar wanted one less thing to worry about.
2. Failures
  1. There had been nothing done to reduce the striking and nothing had been done in terms Lena goldfields.
  2. The rightists domination,with the conservative minister created a slow moving, conservative Duma.
  3. Octoborist, Guchkov, warned the Tsar of revolution if working conditions were not addresses. He didn't listen.
3. Successes
  1. The duma served its four year term.

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The Four Dumas 1906-1917

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