Muscle

Beschreibung

Biology Muscle Mindmap am Muscle, erstellt von dancedrill am 27/06/2013.
dancedrill
Mindmap von dancedrill, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
dancedrill
Erstellt von dancedrill vor mehr als 11 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Muscle
  1. Organization
    1. approx 600 skeletal muscles
      1. approx half our body weight
        1. 3 kinds of muscle tissue; skeletal, cardiac, smooth

          Anmerkungen:

          • 3 kinds of tissue: skeletal, cardiac, smooth
          1. Specialized for one major purpose: converting chemical energy in ATP into mechanical energy of motion
            1. Myology= the study of the muscular system
    2. Function of Muscle
      1. Movement
        1. Move from place to place, movement of body parts, contents, breathing, circulation, feeding and digestion, defecation, childbirht
          1. Stability:
            1. Maintain posture, prevents unwanted movements. Antigravity muscles-resist pull of gravity stabilize joints
              1. Control of openings and passageway
                1. Sphincters: internal muscular rings control movement of food, bile, blood, and other material
                  1. Heat Production
                    1. as much as 85% of body heat
            2. Connective Tissue of Muscle
              1. Endomysium
                1. Perimysium
                  1. Epimysium
                    1. Fascia
                      1. sheet of connective tissue that separates neighboring muscles or groups from each other and subcutaneous tissue.
                      2. Fibrous sheath surrounding the entire muscle.
                        1. outer surface grades into the fascia.
                          1. Inner surface sends projections between fascicles to form perimysium.
                      3. Slightly thicker layer of connective tissue.
                        1. Fascicles: bundles of muscle fibers wrapped in perimysium.
                          1. Carry larger nerves and blood vessesls, and stretch receptors.
                      4. thin sleeve of loose connective tissue. Surroundes each muscle fiber
                        1. Allows room for capillaries and nerve fibers to reach each muscle fiber.
                      5. Shapes and classification according to fascicle orientation
                        1. Fusiform
                          1. Parallel
                            1. Triangular (convergent)
                              1. Pennate
                                1. Circular (sphincters)
                                  1. ring around body opening
                                    1. orbicularis oculi, urethral, anal sphincters.
                                  2. fascicles insert obliquely on a tendon
                                    1. unipennate, bipennate or multipennate
                                      1. palmar interosseus, rectus femoris and deltoid
                                    2. feather shaped
                                    3. fan-shaped, broad at origin, tapering to a narrower insertion.
                                      1. pectoralis major, temporalis
                                    4. Has uniform width and parallel fascicles.
                                      1. can span longer distances than other shapes.
                                        1. rectus abdominis, zygomaticus major
                                    5. thick in middle, tapered at ends
                                      1. biceps brachii, gastrocnemius
                                  3. Muscle Attachments
                                    1. Indirect attachment to bone
                                      1. Tendons
                                        1. tendons bridge the gap between muscle ends and bony attachment.
                                          1. Collagen fibers of endo-, peri-, and epimysium continue into the tendon
                                            1. Very strong structural continuity from muscle to bone
                                              1. biceps brachii, Achilles tendon
                                        2. Direct (fleshy) attachment to bone
                                          1. Epimysium continues as tendon merges into periosteum as perforating fibers.
                                            1. muscle seems to immerge directly from bone
                                              1. margins of brachialis, lateral head of triceps brachii
                                        3. Attachment to dermis
                                          1. some skeletal muscles do not insert on bone, but in dermis of skin
                                            1. muscles of facial expressions
                                        4. Muscle Origins and Insertions
                                          1. Origin
                                            1. Belly
                                              1. Insertion
                                                1. Mobile
                                                  1. bony attachment to mobile end of muscle
                                                2. Middle
                                                  1. thicker, middle region of muscle between origin and insertion
                                                3. bony attachment at stationary end of muscle
                                                  1. Stable
                                                Zusammenfassung anzeigen Zusammenfassung ausblenden

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