Zusammenfassung der Ressource
What Led Elizabeth to Explore
- Expanding Trade
- relying just on Antwerp is not ideal, especially after
the Trade Embargo of 1563 and the ongoing
troubles with Spain and the Netherlands
- Bad relations hit the wool and cloth
trade hard, eng relied on these exports
- John Hawkins and
Drakes Reports
- suggested there was an
abundance of different crops,
animal skins and precious
metals
- Funding?
- Elizabeth and her
courtiers invested their own money into these voyages, whilst
risky, the rewards were huge!
- Spain rich due to silver mines in peru
and exports of sugar can and tobacco
- Elizabeth was sure that there would be much to discover
further into America, where there had been little exploration
- Triangle
Trade
- John Hawkins
- Knighted for his efforts against the Armada,
but also his influence as a navigator, slave
trader, and the English Navy
- advising Elizabeth to build
smaller more
manoeuvrable ships
- bought slaves from arfica and
sold them to spainsh
colonists
- bought back ginger,
animal hides, sugar and
pearls
- made huge profit for
himself and investors
- 1561-62
- North-West
Passage
- belief faster route via
north ameria to pacific
and far east
- search for this route was
another driving force
- explorers found out much
more about n.american
coastline
- Adventure
- Books
- accounts of voyages to usa
and treasures to be found
persuaded people
- Many young Elizabethans, especially from the Gentry and nobility, went on voyages of
discovery in the hopes of making their fortunes and adventure
- New Technology
- Navigation
- much more precise with a much simpler
way of using the sun to
calculate the sailing direction of a ship
- Astrolobes
- Quadrant
- leading to much safer and faster
voyages
- journeys were recorded and printed
using printing press for others to
follow
- Maps
- Improved navigation and records of
voyages led to more accurate maps
- more realistic to plan voyages and
printing press standardised maps
- reduce mistakes
- Mercator Map
- used longitude and latitude to
accurately plot where lands were
- Ships
- Larger more stable ships
- longer journeys
- carry more cargo
- Bows and sterns
- lower
on these new ships making
them more stable in rough
seas
- masts and sails
- Faster more manoeuvrable
ships due to different sail
types
- longer, faster and more
accurate voyages
- canon technology
- Better fire power for good defences
against piracy and the Spanish
- Drakes Circumnavigation of
the Globe
- 3 years
- 1577-80
- Knighted by Queen
- Why
- To raid Spanish colonies in the
Pacific and break their monopolies
- Revenge on the Spanish following a
violent attack on Drake and
Hawkins earlier
- in 1568 at St Juan de Ulua, killing 325 of their
sailors returning home with only 15 left
- Make profits for himself and courtiers,
many were willing to invest in him
- In the end, Drake returned with £400,000+
(Half a billion £ today)
- Significance
- England became famous as a
great sea-faring nation,
- executed Thomas Doughty(captain)
for accusation of mutiny
- 5 ships-> 1 ship(Golden Hind)
- 56 survivers
- First ever English circumnavigation of
the globe (2nd crew in the world)
boosting English morale
- Also boosted confidence that a
Spanish attack could be defeated
- Gathered a lot of information about the Americas,
useful for the attempted colonisations being planned
- Stories of the explorers encouraged
others to go on voyages
- Davy Ingram
- he told fantastical tales about great
wealth and buckets of silver and
gold, fertile soil, red sheep and rabbit
- ritual cannibalism practised by
Native american, killed and ate their
sick
- friendly to
visitors
- Nova Albion (California today)
- 1579 Golden
HInd need repair
- landed in bay
- Native americans treated
english with great hospitality
- perform ceremony , drake
thought same as
coronation
- first place “claimed” in the name of
Elizabeth as an English colony
- elizabeth didnt recognise
agreement made by pope cent. ago
- Gave the Americas to the
Spanish and Portuguese
- Indians rights were
not considered
- Peaceful welcome
encouraged idea that
europeans could settle
and even rule
- Anglo-Spanish
Relations
Damaged
- Drake being knighted on Golden
HInd angered Spain
- sent clear message to Phillip ,
he regarded drake to be a pirate
- elizabeths action was
scandalous