Zusammenfassung der Ressource
What was the
impact of WW2 on
African -
Americans?
- Historians view
- Robin D. G. Kelly
- Working class African Amercans engaged
in various forms of day-to-day oppression
which he labels "infrapolitics".
- Some young men wore
zootsuits, illegal due to their
generous use of rationed cloth,
and adopted assertive and
distinctive language in an open
challenge to white authority.
- Harvard Stinkoff
- WW2 witnessed a new
militancy in the African
American community which
led to the interracial
violence of 1943.
- Both the black press and
the large majoirty of
African Americans gave
priority to winning the
war.
- Neil McMillen
- African Americans did not return
with an expectancy that
discrimination would change, or
with the intention of making
such change happen.
- Work
- Rapid growth of of
defence industries
and military bases =
many African
Americans in the
South migrated to
higher-paid jobs in
the urban South,
North and West.
- During the
war, 1 million
African Americans
joined the workforce,
including 600,000
women.
- Initially they faced
exclusion, or segregation
and confinement to the
most unattractive jobs.
- War
- Pre - Pearl Habour (1941) = the army beginning to train African
American pilots and the navy and the marines accepted blacks for
general services (although within segregated units) whilst the army
increasingly accepting African American volunteers and draftees.
- Wartime conditions of
urban overcrowding and
increased contact bewteen
the races led to riots in
every region of America
- Polls conducted in mid-1943 found northern
African Americans far more dissastisfied with
conditions than southern blacks, which implies
that the war did not mark a watershed for the
civil rights movement in the South.
- Culture
- Spontaneous individual acts of African -
American resistance to unfair treatment
rose significantly, (e.g. bus issues) =
particularly among women since they
depended on buses more than men.
- Arguably did not bring about a
new direction in black
aspirations, or a change in the
means of attaining them (based
on McMillen)