American Peoples and Cultures

Illnesses
1. influenza
2. Smallpox and measles
3. Malaria
4. Plague & yellow fever
5. Typhus
Three groups according to organization
1. Nomadic
  1. Very small groups
  2. Hunting and gathering
  3. No surplus of food
  4. Cheyennes & Apaches - Great Plains of NA
2. Semisedentary
  1. Settle for periods
  2. Slash-and-burn
  3. More complex division of labour
    1. Hunters
    2. Crops
    3. Religion
  4. Limited knowledge of domestication
  5. Tupí - Brazil
3. Sedentary
  1. Rooted on permanent basis
  2. Mastered domestication
    1. No large animals
      1. No shields
  3. Complex social structures
    1. Confederations & chiefdoms
      1. Power enlargement
      2. War and domination
  4. Arawaki - Caribbean
  5. Higher civilizations
    1. Mayas
      1. Pre-Classic period (250-900 AD) & (1200-1450 AD)
      2. Lowland forests - Guatemala & Southern Mexico
      3. Sophisticated agriculture. Base of their economy.
      4. Society
        Rise of urban centers.
        Hierarchy & inequality.
        Few nobles & many commoners
        Slavery
      5. Legacy
        Astronomical knowledge
        Mathematics
        Writing system
        Stepped pyramids with temples
    2. Aztecs
      1. Post-Classic Period (900-1500 AD)
      2. Central Mexico (almost from coast to coast)
      3. Intensive Agriculture
        Dams
        Canals
        Flood channels
        Chinampas
      4. No extensive bureaucratic system
      5. Tribute
      6. Social rules as intermediaries
      7. Complex religion
        Sacrifice
      8. Legacy
        Causeways
        Temples
        Canals
    3. Incas
      1. 15th Century
      2. Ecuador to northern Chile & Argentina. Across Bolivia's highlands.
      3. Agriculture
        Sophisticated terraces
        Maize & potatoes
      4. Society
        Cultural imperialism
        Quechua
        Forced rotary draft labour system
      5. Legacy
        Roads
        Quechua

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American Peoples and Cultures

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