Electrolysis

Electrolysis is the breaking down of a compound using electrical energy.
The electricity used comes form a d.c (direct current) source, such as a battery.
It requires a liquid to conduct the electricity, called the electrolyte.
The compound is found in the electrolyte. The compound is broken down into componant parts.
You can Electrolyse Hydrochloric Acid
1. The electrolyte is a dilute solution of Hydrochloric Acid.
  1. Applying a direct current to the electrolyte causes the hydrochloric acid to decompose into its two component parts.
    1. Hydrogen Gas
      1. Testing for Hydrogen: Hydrogen makes a "squeaky pop" with a lighted splint (The sound comes from the Hydrogen burning with Oxygen in the air to form H2O.
    2. Chlorine Gas
      1. Testing for Chlorine: Chlorine bleaches damp litmus paper, turning it white. (It may turn red for a moment first through - that's because a solution of chlorine is acidic.)
Electrolysis of Salt produces Chlorine
1. Sea Water or brine (sodium chloride solution) can be decomposed by electrlysis.
  1. This is a great way to make chlorine gas.
  2. Chlorine gas is toxic - so this makes the manufacture of it a hazardous process.
  3. There are 3 main uses of chlorine.
    1. 1. It is used to treat water supplies - it kills bacteria and other micro-organisms making the water safe to drink.
    2. 2. It is needed in the manufacture of bleach.
    3. 3. It is used to make the polymer poly(chloroethene) - PVC
Electrolysis of water gives you Hydrogen and Oxygen
1. When water is decomposed it gives two components.
  1. Hydrogen Gas
    1. Testing for Hydrogen: Hydrogen makes a "squeaky pop" with a lighted splint (The sound comes from the Hydrogen burning with Oxygen in the air to form H2O.
  2. Oxygen Gas
    1. Testing for Oxygen: You check for Oxygen by checking if the gas relights a glowing splint.

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Electrolysis

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