Cardinal Wolsey's fall from power

Domestic policies
1. Eltham Ordinances
  1. Created enemies in royal court due to changes such as cutting the Privy Chamber in half
    1. Additionally, most noblemen didn't like Wolsey due to his background
      1. Angered the rich and powerful
2. Amicable Grant
  1. Angered citizens
    1. Increased unpopularity
  2. Wolsey created this direct tax without consulting or gaining the approval of Parliament
    1. Risked rebellion; Parliament's purpose was to make sure citizens were not taxed too much
      1. Revolts broke out in Suffolk
        First significant rebellion of Henry's reign
        Henry was unaware of the tax and stopped its collection
        Henry started to doubt Wolsey after the humiliation they suffered
3. Solutions for the Enclosure policy
  2. Ultimately achieved nothing of substance
4. Taxation
  1. Extremely unpopular amongst both rich and poor
    1. The rich had to pay the most tax due to subsidy
    2. Taxation rates were heavy and accounted for a huge amount of expense in poorer families
5. Fairer Justice system
  1. Supported poor vs. rich cases
    1. Increased resentment against Wolsey amongst rich
      1. People thought he wanted to attack the upper class because they often treated him badly
  2. Star Chamber Court
    1. Royal court set up to give out justice on King's behalf
Failure to acquire annulment
1. Reasons
  1. Couldn't find sufficient evidence in Bible
    1. Leviticus argument
      1. Attempted to argue that the Pope's dispensation should not have been granted because it broke God's law
        Tried to argue that was incorrectly worded
        Challenging the pope's decision resulted in failure
        Supporters found correctly worded Spanish version
        Catherine denied that the marriage had been consummated
        Leviticus argument only worked if their marriage was "real"
    2. Deuteronomy argument
      1. Book of the Bible
        Suggested that a man could marry his brother's widow and have children with her
        "When brethren dwell together, and one of them dieth without children, the wife of the deceased shall not marry another; but his brother shall take her, and raise up seed for his brother
  2. Cardinal Campeggio
    1. Instructed by Pope not to reach a final verdict
    2. Delayed arrival to England
    3. Broke up court in summer of 1529 without a final decision being reached
    4. Old
      1. Could not be pressured into making a decision
        Henry takes out anger on Wolsey
Other reasons outside his control
1. Charles V had made the Pope a virtual hostage after the Habsburgs infiltrated Rome
  1. If the Pope wasn't captured and under Charles' control he may have agreed to the annulment
2. Anne Boleyn
  1. Boleyns rose to power as the relationship between Anne and Henry (VIII) developed
    1. They attacked Wolsey and argued that he was deliberately slowing down the proceedings
  2. Nobles who resented Wolsey sided with the Boleyns
Foreign Policy

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Cardinal Wolsey's fall from power

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