cells

cells

eukaryotic cells
1. animal cells
  1. centrioles
    1. form spindle fibres
      1. move the chromosomes during cell division.
    2. made from microtubules 90 degrees next to each other and the nucleus.
  2. cilia
    1. lots together
    2. 9+2 arrangement of microtubules
    3. moves substances over the surface of the cell
  3. undulipodia
    1. same structure as the cilia but they are longer so there tends to be only one or two in a cell.
  4. small temporary vacuole
    1. assist in exo and endocytosis.
  5. lysosomes
    1. contain digestive enzymes
      1. to digest worn down organelles
2. plant cells
  1. chlorophyll
    1. green in colour
    2. absorbs the light in photosynthesis
  2. chloroplasts
    1. site of photosynthesis
  3. cell wall
    1. structural support and protection
  4. large permanent vacuole
    1. contribute to the rigidty of the cell by using water
    2. store nutrient and non-nutrient chemicals
    3. break down complex molecules
3. nucleus
  1. nucleolus
  2. stores genetic material
4. rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
  1. flattened membranes with proteins attached to it.
  2. transports proteins to the golgi
5. smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
  1. synthesises and transports lipids.
  2. same structure as rER but without ribosomes attached to it.
6. mitochondrion
  1. produce ATP by aerobic respiration
  2. oblong or sausage shaped
7. ribosomes
  1. protein synthesis
  2. made of 2 subunits
8. golgi apparatus
  1. modifies and packages proteins from the rER
  2. series of flattened stacked membranes
9. plasma membrane
  1. allows substances in and out of the cell
prokaryotic cells
1. bacteria
  1. slime layer
    1. additional protection layer
  2. cytoplasm
    1. region where DNA material is held
      1. circular naked DNA
      2. nucleoid
  3. bacterial flagellum
    1. for movement
    2. doesn't have a 9+2 microtubules
  4. bacterial chromosome
    1. contains the genome
  5. Ribosomes
    1. 70s smaller than eukaryotes
  6. plasmid
    1. small loops of DNA that may contain Anti-Biotics
  7. mesosome
    1. site of ATP production
  8. plasma membrane
    1. controls the movement in and out of the cell
  9. cell wall
    1. made of peptidoglycan

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Medienanhänge

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