National 5 History

Russia
1. Tsar Nicholas
  1. Autocrat
  2. How he controlled Russia
    1. Russification
      1. Censorship. (newspapers)
        Okhrana
        Orthodox Church
        Harsh Punishments
        The Cossacks
        -Violence, Oppression & Fear-
2. 1905 Revolution
  1. Long Term
    1. Grievances of peasants
      1. lack of political representation for middle classes
        Economic Problems
  2. Short term
    1. Russo-Japanese war
      1. Food shortages
  3. Causes
    1. Bloody Sunday
3. 1917 Revolution
  1. Long Term
    1. WW1
      1. The effects of the war on soldiers
        tsar losing support
        Pressure from Political parties
        Return of lenin
  2. Short term
    1. The Tsar going to the front line
      1. The Tsarina being left in charge
        Rasputin's influence on the Tsarina
  3. Spark
Changing Britain
1. Housing
  1. Legislation
    1. Housing of a poor quality could be demolished and rebuilt
    2. New water supplies for Glasgow and Edinburgh
      1. Converted a loch into a reservoir
    3. New Building Standards
    4. More toilets
2. Canals
  1. Slow and safe way to transport goods
  2. Created Jobs
    1. Navvies
  3. Aqueducts were built
  4. Canals were occasionally poorly maintained
3. Textiles
  1. Legislation
    1. Legislation principles were good but the new laws were rarely obeyed by the factory owners
      1. Working hours were shortened
      2. Pregnant women were given 4 weeks off after giving birth
      3. Children under the age of 8 would no longer work
      4. factories had to be cleaned regularly and well ventilated
    2. Machines became more safe and they were fenced around to avoid injury
  2. Cotton became very popular because it was cheap and easy to manufacture
  3. New machinery made factories expand their businesses
    1. Caused job losses
Scottish wars of independence
1. The Succession Crisis
  1. King Alexander of Scotland dies in 1286
    1. Maid of Norway next heir
      1. She dies on the way over to Scotland
        3 claimants to the throne
        John Balliol
        swears an oath of loyalty to edward
        He was a bad king
        No political experience
        Undermined by edward
        Scotland without king for 6 years
        lacked authority. took 13 months to chose him as king
        Western isles still weak
        Nobles didn't support him. They would become a threat
        John Hastings
        Robert Bruce
        King Edward chosen to help appoint a new king
      2. 6 guardians appointed
2. William Wallace
  1. Not from Noble family
  2. Rebelled against the English. Called for the return of John Balliol
  3. Most stories about Wallace came from Blind harry
    1. (unreliable)
  4. rebellions in the south west
    1. South
      1. and north
  5. Battle of Stirling Bridge
    1. Scots win
      1. Good choice of battleground
        English were cocky
    2. Battle of Falkirk
      1. English win
        Scots schiltrons were immobile
        Poor choice of Battleground
        English outflanked the Scots
      2. Wallace resigned his guardianship of Scotland but returned in 1303
3. Robert Bruce
  1. Called King Hob "Nobody"
    1. Regained support in 1307
      1. Edward died
      2. Ambushed the english at glen trool
      3. Defeated english at loudon hill

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National 5 History

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