Mesopotamia and Egypt

RIVER CIVILISATIONS
1. First civilisations
2. River flooding fertilized land
  1. Abundant harvests
    1. Enough food for large populations
3. Examples
  1. Mesopotamia
    1. Tigris and Euphates
  2. Egypt
    1. Nile
  3. India
    1. Indus
  4. China
    1. Huang He and Yangtze
4. Importance of writing
  1. Mesopotamia 3500 BC Cuneiform Taxes, trade, population record
5. Characteristics
  1. Political power: king
  2. Social hierarchy
  3. Large-scale building works
Civilisation
1. Large states or groups of cities
2. Urban life
3. Writing
4. Share customs and beliefs
5. Great rulers
  1. Emperors Kings Pharaos
MESOPOTAMIA
1. Natural environment
  1. Between rivers
    1. Tigris
    2. Euphrates
  2. Dry, irrigated by canals
  3. Commercial links
2. Society
  1. King
  2. Nobles
  3. Priests
  4. Officials Scribes
  5. Merchants
  6. Craftmen
  7. Peasants
  8. Slaves
  9. Women
    Anmerkungen:
    - Under the authority of men but some rights: properties, buy and sell goods, jobs.
  10. Code of Hammurabi
3. Religion
  1. Polytheistic
  2. Gods & Goddes
  3. Temples
    1. House of Gods
    2. Zygurats
4. Art
  1. Architecture
    1. Arch
    2. Vault
    3. Mud bricks & stones
  2. Sculpture
    1. Statues: kings, gods, animals
    2. Reliefs: Political & religious scenes
  3. Epic of Gilgamesh
5. City-states & empires
  1. Sumer
  2. Akkadian Empire
  3. Babylonian Empire
  4. Assyrian Empire
  5. Neo-Babylonian Empire
  6. Persians conquered the region
    Anmerkungen:
    - 6th century BC. End of Mesopotamia civilisation.
6. Science & inventions
  1. Use maths, astronomy, time measurement...
  2. Invent wheel, sailing boat...
EGYPT
1. Natural environment
  1. River Nile
  2. Floodings
  3. Black land/ red land
2. Geography
  1. Lower Egypt
  2. Upper Egypt
3. History
  1. Old Kingdom
    1. 3100-2050 BC
    2. Menes, 1st pharao
    3. Giza pyramids
    4. Capital: Memphis
  2. Middle Kingdom
    1. 2050-1580 BC
    2. New territories (South)
    3. Capital: Thebes
  3. New Kingdom
    1. 1580-31 BC
    2. New territories: Libia, Syria
    3. Pharaohs: Tutmose I Amenhotep III Akhenaten Rameses II
    4. Foreign invasions: Assyrians Persians Greeks Romans
    5. Large constructions
4. Society
  1. Pharao:
    1. Absolute power
    2. God
    3. Hereditary: dinasties
  2. State: run by many people
    1. Civil servants
    2. Noblemen
    3. Priests
    4. Scribes
    5. Soldiers
  3. Other social groups
    1. Peasants
    2. Craftmen
    3. Merchants
    4. Servants
    5. Slaves
  4. Women
    Anmerkungen:
    - More rights: properties, in heritage, divorce, work...
5. Religion
  1. Polytheistic
    1. Gods: Ra, Isis, Osiris, Horus...
    2. Animals: cat, crocodile...
    3. Natural forces: River Nile...
    4. People: the Pharaoh
  2. Life after death
    1. Mummies, sarcophagus, tombs...
  3. Temples
6. Art
  1. Craftsmen: working teams, Pharaoh's officials
  2. Painting
    1. Frontalism Hierarchical order No perspective Idealised Static
  3. Religious or political meaning
  4. Sculpture

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Mesopotamia and Egypt

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