Rural to Urban migration- Caatinga to Sao Paulo, Brazil- LEDC

Movement
1. Caatinga-Sao Paulo
2. Movement of people from the poor North East to the rich coastal cities
3. In the course of the last 25 years, approximately 200,000 people have migrated into Sao Paulo city centre
4. Caatinga has 25 million in habitants, 28% of Brazils total population
Push Factors
1. Environmental
  1. low unreliable rainfall causes droughts
  2. Difficult for farmers to grow crops
  3. Caatinga is an isolated area
  4. deserification
2. Social
  1. Infant mortality rate of 25%
  2. No piped water, electricity or sanitation
  3. Lack of schools and clinics in area
  4. few social services
  5. low quality living conditions
3. Economic
  1. Low average monthly income- $253.49
  2. lack of job opportunities
Pull Factors
1. Economic
  1. More Job opportunities
  2. higher wages- average monthly income $721
  3. Industry opportunities
2. Social
  1. Jobs are less physically demanding
  2. Perceived image of the 'glamourous' city attracts people
  3. More schools and higher quality education
  4. More social services
  5. wide cultural diversity
3. Environmental
  1. More accessable
  2. Better infrastructure
  3. Climatic conditions made less harsh by water systems and more resources
Positive impacts of this Migration
1. More land is left for people in rural areas, improving quality of life
2. Food supplies for rural people increase
3. 70% of money earned in Sao Paulo can be sent home to families in the rural areas to improve living standards or pay for new agricultural equipment
4. Sao Paulo will gain a wide variety of tradesmen
Negative Impacts of this migration
1. Increase of 25% decline in resources in Sao Paulo due to stress of growing population
2. Less people will live in rural areas meaning less crops will be grown, impacting the country on a national scale
3. The most active tend to migrate (mainly men), meaning the farming will be left to the women, elderly and children
4. Children and the elderly tend to not migrate, meaning there is a demographic imbalance in both rural and urban areas

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Rural to Urban migration- Caatinga to Sao Paulo, Brazil- LEDC

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