16104250
Beschreibung
Mindmap von Liora Silas, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Liora Silas
vor etwa 6 Jahre
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Crime and Punishment 1500 - 1700
- New crimes
- Heresy
- Believing in a different
religion to the Monarch
- Believing in a different
religion to the Monarch
- Vagrancy
- Wandering the country
looking for work, sometimes
begging
- Wandering the country
looking for work, sometimes
begging
- Witchcraft
- Practising
witchcraft/dark
magic (only
women could be
witches)
- Practising
witchcraft/dark
magic (only
women could be
witches)
- Heresy
- Influence of the Church - what the church
did to ensure justice
- Benefit of the clergy
- Church courts tried people who
committed moral crimes such as
sex outside of marriage or not
going to church
- Church courts tried members of
the clergy for any crime - known
as benefit of the clergy
- People proved their right to benefit of the clergy by
reading a passage from the Bible (Priests were some
of the only people who could read) so people
memorised the passage so they could be judged by a
church court instead
- Did this because church
courts were much less
harsh - never ruled death
penalty
- Did this because church
courts were much less
harsh - never ruled death
penalty
- People proved their right to benefit of the clergy by
reading a passage from the Bible (Priests were some
of the only people who could read) so people
memorised the passage so they could be judged by a
church court instead
- Church courts tried people who
committed moral crimes such as
sex outside of marriage or not
going to church
- Trial by ordeal
- First used in 1000 - 1500s but still
used in 1500 - 1700s
- 4 types of trial by ordeal
- Trial by hot water
- Accused had to retrieve
something from a pot of
boiling water, if the burn
healed well in 3 days time,
the person was innocent, if
the burn had not healed,
was guilty
- Accused had to retrieve
something from a pot of
boiling water, if the burn
healed well in 3 days time,
the person was innocent, if
the burn had not healed,
was guilty
- Trial by hot iron
- Accused was burned by
a hot iron and if the
burn healed well in 3
days, person was
innocent, if the burn
had not healed, was
guilty
- Accused was burned by
a hot iron and if the
burn healed well in 3
days, person was
innocent, if the burn
had not healed, was
guilty
- Trial by cold
water
- Accused tied up and thrown into deep
water, if they sank they were innocent, if
they floated they were guilty
- Accused tied up and thrown into deep
water, if they sank they were innocent, if
they floated they were guilty
- Trial by 'blessed' bread
- Only for priests
- If the accused choked on
the bread they were guilty,
if not they were innocen t
- Only for priests
- Trial by hot water
- First used in 1000 - 1500s but still
used in 1500 - 1700s
- Sanctuary
- Someone running from the law could seek
sanctuary by going to a church. A priest could
report the crime but the accused could not be
arrested. the accused could either agree to go
to court and be judged or leave the country.
- If the accused had not
left the country after 40
days, they were outlawed
- Someone running from the law could seek
sanctuary by going to a church. A priest could
report the crime but the accused could not be
arrested. the accused could either agree to go
to court and be judged or leave the country.
- Benefit of the clergy
- Changes in society
- Population increase
- More people moved to
urban areas in search of
work and so towns and
cities grew
- Increase in street criminals
and petty theft - crimes
against people
- Increase in street criminals
and petty theft - crimes
against people
- More people moved to
urban areas in search of
work and so towns and
cities grew
- Changes in religious beliefs
- Increase in heresy and high
treason as some people refused
to believe in the same religion
as their monarch
- Increase in heresy and high
treason as some people refused
to believe in the same religion
as their monarch
- End of feudalism and new farming methods
- Resulted in more people
fencing off their land
- Increased crimes
against property
like poaching as
landowners
restricted who
could hunt on
their land
- Increased crimes
against property
like poaching as
landowners
restricted who
could hunt on
their land
- Resulted in more people
fencing off their land
- Population increase
- New laws
- 1547 Vagrancy Act
- The able-bodied
without work for
more than three days
were branded with
the letter 'v' and sold
as a slave for two
years
- Didn't work as was
impossible to prove
- Didn't work as was
impossible to prove
- The able-bodied
without work for
more than three days
were branded with
the letter 'v' and sold
as a slave for two
years
- 1494
Vagabonds and
Beggars Act
- Vagabonds were put in
stocks for three days and
nights, then sent back to
where they were born or
most well-known
- Vagabonds were put in
stocks for three days and
nights, then sent back to
where they were born or
most well-known
- 1597 Act for the Relief of the Poor
- Split vagrants into two categories:
'deserving' (elderly and disabled) and
'undeserving' (those fit for work)
- Split vagrants into two categories:
'deserving' (elderly and disabled) and
'undeserving' (those fit for work)
- 1601 Poor Laws
- The 'deserving' poor were
given poor relief by the local
parish; the 'undeserving'
could be whipped, branded or
sent to a correction house
- The 'deserving' poor were
given poor relief by the local
parish; the 'undeserving'
could be whipped, branded or
sent to a correction house
- 1547 Vagrancy Act
- New law enforcers
- Watchmen
- Watchmen patrolled
the streets between
10pm and dawn
carrying a lamp and
a bell to alert people
of trouble
- They were overseen by the
town contable and all male
householders were expected
to volunteer unpaid
- Watchmen patrolled
the streets between
10pm and dawn
carrying a lamp and
a bell to alert people
of trouble
- Town
constables
- Employed by authorities in
towns and were in charge of
the watchmen in their area
- Respected members of the
community
- Had the power to arrest suspects
and take them to the Justice of the
Peace and helped with the town
administration
- Employed by authorities in
towns and were in charge of
the watchmen in their area
- Still no police
force
- No police force
- Watchmen
- New punishments
- Fines
- Pillory or stocks
- Flogging or maiming
- Hanging
- Burning
- Fines
- Punishments
- Fines
- For minor crimes
- For minor crimes
- Pillory or stocks
- For crimes such as begging,
drunkenness and vagrancy
- For crimes such as begging,
drunkenness and vagrancy
- Hanging
- For crimes such as theft, murder,
poaching, witchcraft and smuggling
- For crimes such as theft, murder,
poaching, witchcraft and smuggling
- Burning
- Only used as the punishment
for heresy
- Only used as the punishment
for heresy
- Fines
- The Bloody Code
- In the 17th century, the number of crimes
punishable by death increased. by 1688
there were 50 capital offences ranging
from minor crimes like stealing, to
murder
- Because of the increase in capital
offences, the period from
1688-1825 became known as the
Bloody Code
- The aim was to
scare people so
that they
wouldn't
commit any
crime
- Causes of the Bloody Code
- Travel and Technology
- Lots more people were travelling which
increased theft and highway
robberies/murders
- Lots more people were travelling which
increased theft and highway
robberies/murders
- Government/Lawmakers
- Rich people made more laws so that they
were protected from theft or poaching
- Rich people made more laws so that they
were protected from theft or poaching
- Media
- Reports about crime in
newspapers and pamphlets
scared people
- Reports about crime in
newspapers and pamphlets
scared people
- Wealth and poverty
- Bad harvests led to the poor getting
desperate, stealing from the rich
and being persecuted
- Bad harvests led to the poor getting
desperate, stealing from the rich
and being persecuted
- Key individuals
- People felt the need to commit
crime because they were
desperate
- People felt the need to commit
crime because they were
desperate
- Travel and Technology
- The aim was to
scare people so
that they
wouldn't
commit any
crime
- By 1765 there were 160 crimes that
carried the death penalty
- Because of the increase in capital
offences, the period from
1688-1825 became known as the
Bloody Code
- In the 17th century, the number of crimes
punishable by death increased. by 1688
there were 50 capital offences ranging
from minor crimes like stealing, to
murder
- The witch hunts of 1645-1647
- In the years 1645-47 there was a huge
increase in the number of people executed
for witchcraft
- Many of these were due to Matthew
Hopkins, who called himself the
'Witchfinder General'
- Matthew Hopkins
- Employed by a Justice of the
Peace to find witches
- Received money for each person
prosecuted for being a witch. It's
estimated that his 'work' led to
around 300 people being
investigated for witchcraft and
112 hanged
- Used to torture to extract confessions,
often included people giving names of
other 'witches'
- Helped stir up mass panic and fear
of witches through his prosecutions
and pamphlets
- Employed by a Justice of the
Peace to find witches
- Matthew Hopkins
- A witchhunt was
when people actively
tried to discover
witches
- Reasons for the intensity of the
1645-47 witch hunts
- Economic problems
- The Civil War and poor harvests
cause huge economic problems.
People needed a scapegoat to
explain why this had happened
- The Civil War and poor harvests
cause huge economic problems.
People needed a scapegoat to
explain why this had happened
- Social changes
- The war left many women widowed or alone
as their husbands were away fighting. There
were also more 'strangers' around as people
travelled with armies or searched for work
- The war left many women widowed or alone
as their husbands were away fighting. There
were also more 'strangers' around as people
travelled with armies or searched for work
- Lack of authority
- The Civil War weakened the control
or local authorities. In some areas
law and order collapsed completely
- The Civil War weakened the control
or local authorities. In some areas
law and order collapsed completely
- Influence of individuals
- Since 1603, James I had promoted witch hunting. People
like Matthew Hopkins stirred up fear of witches through
their writing and also took part in witch hunts
themselves
- Since 1603, James I had promoted witch hunting. People
like Matthew Hopkins stirred up fear of witches through
their writing and also took part in witch hunts
themselves
- Religious change
- Religious differences were increased by the Civil War.
Many Puritans, on the side of the parliament,
believed that witchcraft was being used by the
Royalists, some of whom were Catholic
- Religious differences were increased by the Civil War.
Many Puritans, on the side of the parliament,
believed that witchcraft was being used by the
Royalists, some of whom were Catholic
- Economic problems
- Many of these were due to Matthew
Hopkins, who called himself the
'Witchfinder General'
- Evidence of witchcraft
- Unusual marks on the
body
- Witness accounts or
'possessed' children as
accusers
- When pricked with a needle, the
accused didnt bleed
- Confesion form the accused
- If two proven witches swear
the accused is a witch
- Unusual marks on the
body
- In the years 1645-47 there was a huge
increase in the number of people executed
for witchcraft
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