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Mindmap von Lauren Healey, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Lauren Healey
vor etwa 10 Jahre
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B4 - The Processes of Life
- Enzymes
- PROTEINS that SPEED UP a
chemical reaction
- instructions for making enzymes are
found in a cells gene
- instructions for making enzymes are
found in a cells gene
- chemical reactions - either
split apart or join together
- substrate is a molecule changed in a reaction
- every enzyme has an active site - substrate joins to enzyme
- enzymes only speed up one reaction
- substrate has to be correct shape to fit into active site
- called LOCK AND KEY method
- called LOCK AND KEY method
- substrate has to be correct shape to fit into active site
- enzymes only speed up one reaction
- every enzyme has an active site - substrate joins to enzyme
- substrate is a molecule changed in a reaction
- need the right temperature and pH
- specific constant temp to work at OPTIMUM
- high temp increases rate at first
- too hot = bonds break // enzymes
change shape of active site // substrate
doesn't fit // enzyme doesn't work // =
DENATURED
- too hot = bonds break // enzymes
change shape of active site // substrate
doesn't fit // enzyme doesn't work // =
DENATURED
- high temp increases rate at first
- specific constant temp to work at OPTIMUM
- PROTEINS that SPEED UP a
chemical reaction
- Respiration
- RESPIRATION is series of chemical reactions that
RELEASES ENERGY by breaking down FOOD
MOLECULES.
- movement - muscle contraction
- active transport - move
substances in or out of
cells
- synthesis of large molecules
- glucose joined to make starch
and cellulose in plant cells
- animal & plant cells glucose and nitrogen
joined to make amino acids - joined
together to make proteins
- glucose joined to make starch
and cellulose in plant cells
- there are two types
- Aerobic - WITH OXYGEN
- Releases more energy per
glucose molecule
- takes place in animal and plant cells
and microorganisms
- Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water (+ Energy Released)
- C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O
- C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O
- Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water (+ Energy Released)
- takes place in animal and plant cells
and microorganisms
- Releases more energy per
glucose molecule
- Anaerobic - WITHOUT OXYGEN
- Humans Cells // Vigorous exercise,
body can't supply enough oxygen
to muscle cells for aerobic
respiration
- Plant Cells // Soil becomes waterlogged,
no oxygen available for roots
- Bacterial Cells // Under skin through puncture
skin, little oxygen.
- Animal & Plant Cells can produce lactic acid // Glucose =
Lactic Acid (+Energy Released)
- Animal & Plant Cells can produce lactic acid // Glucose =
Lactic Acid (+Energy Released)
- Bacterial Cells // Under skin through puncture
skin, little oxygen.
- Plant Cells // Soil becomes waterlogged,
no oxygen available for roots
- Plant Cells and Microorganisms
produce ehtanol and carbon dioxide -
Glucose = Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide (+
Energy Released)
- Fermentation - microorganisms break
down sugars
- Biogas
- ferment plant&animal waste -
contains carbs
- gas produced mainly methane and
carbon dioxide
- gas produced mainly methane and
carbon dioxide
- ferment plant&animal waste -
contains carbs
- Bread
- made using YEAST
- ferment carbs in flour & release
CO2 - bread rise
- ferment carbs in flour & release
CO2 - bread rise
- made using YEAST
- Alcohol
- YEAST ferment SUGAR to
form ALCOHOL
- YEAST ferment SUGAR to
form ALCOHOL
- Biogas
- Humans Cells // Vigorous exercise,
body can't supply enough oxygen
to muscle cells for aerobic
respiration
- Aerobic - WITH OXYGEN
- movement - muscle contraction
- RESPIRATION is series of chemical reactions that
RELEASES ENERGY by breaking down FOOD
MOLECULES.
- photosynthesis
- series of chemical reactions
that USES ENERGY from
SUNLIGHT to PRODUCE FOOD
- happens in green parts of
plants & some
microorganisms
- chlorophyll is needed
- green substance absorb sunlight,
allows energy to convert CO2 and
H20 into glucose (C6H12O6)
- Carbon Dioxide + Water = Glucose + Oxygen
- 6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 = 6O2
- 6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 = 6O2
- Carbon Dioxide + Water = Glucose + Oxygen
- green substance absorb sunlight,
allows energy to convert CO2 and
H20 into glucose (C6H12O6)
- chlorophyll is needed
- glucose
- respiration
- chemicals for growth
- stored as starch
- respiration
- happens in green parts of
plants & some
microorganisms
- series of chemical reactions
that USES ENERGY from
SUNLIGHT to PRODUCE FOOD
- Rate of Photosynthesis
- amount of light
- amount of CO2
- temperature
- amount of light
- Investigating Photosyntheis
- transect
- light meter
- quadrat
- identification key
- transect
- Diffusion
- the passive overall movement of particles from a
region of their HIGHER CONCENTRATION to a region of
their LOWER CONCENTRATION
- the passive overall movement of particles from a
region of their HIGHER CONCENTRATION to a region of
their LOWER CONCENTRATION
- Osmosis
- overall movement of water from a dilute
to a MORE CONCENTRATED solution
through a partially permeable membrane
- overall movement of water from a dilute
to a MORE CONCENTRATED solution
through a partially permeable membrane
- Active Transport
- overall movement of chemicals across a cell
membrane from a region of LOWER
CONCENTRATION to a region of HIGHER
CONCENTRATION using ENERGY released by
respiration
- overall movement of chemicals across a cell
membrane from a region of LOWER
CONCENTRATION to a region of HIGHER
CONCENTRATION using ENERGY released by
respiration
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