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Chemistry AQA
iGCSE Chapter-
8
- C8.1 How fast?
- We can find out the rate of the
chemical reaction by following the
amount of reactants used over some
time.
- RoR= Amount of reactant used/ time
- RoR= Amount of reactant used/ time
- We can also found out the rate of
a chemical reaction by following
the amount of products being
made over time.
- RoR=Amount of product formed/ time
- RoR=Amount of product formed/ time
- The slope of any line of the
graph at any given time
tells us the rate of the
reaction. The steeped the
slope, the faster the
reaction.
- We can find out the rate of the
chemical reaction by following the
amount of reactants used over some
time.
- C8.2 Collision theory and surface area.
- Main Factors that affect rates of reaction
- Temperature
- Surface Area
- Concentration
of solutions or
pressure of gas.
- presence of catalyst
- Temperature
- Collision Theory
- Particles must collide with
each other with a certain
minimum amount of energy
before they can react.
- Activation energy
- The minimum
amount of energy
that particles must
have before they
can react
- The minimum
amount of energy
that particles must
have before they
can react
- Particles must collide with
each other with a certain
minimum amount of energy
before they can react.
- The rate of a chemical reaction increases
if the surface area of any solid reactant
increases. This increases the frequency of
collisions between reacting particles.
- Main Factors that affect rates of reaction
- C8.3 The effect of temperature.
- As temperature increases, the rate of reaction increase too.
- because particle collide more frequently with
more energy as higher proportion of particles
have energy higher than the activation energy.
- because particle collide more frequently with
more energy as higher proportion of particles
have energy higher than the activation energy.
- As temperature increases, the rate of reaction increase too.
- C8.4The effect of concentration or pressure.
- Increasing the concentration of the
solution or pressure of gas increases
the rate of reaction
- because there are more
particles closer to each other
therefore there will more
collisions for a reaction to occur.
- because there are more
particles closer to each other
therefore there will more
collisions for a reaction to occur.
- Increasing the concentration of the
solution or pressure of gas increases
the rate of reaction
- C8.5 the effect of catalysts
- A catalysts changes the rate of
reactions but does not change the
products. It is unaffected.
- Different catalysts are used
for different reactions
- Usually used in industry to
speed reactions up and
reduce energy costs and
help the environment
- usually transition metal such as gold, platinum and palladium
- Iron for ammonia and platinum for nitric acid
- Used in the form of powders, pellets or fine
gauzes to give them most possible surface
area and makes the more effective.
- Iron for ammonia and platinum for nitric acid
- usually transition metal such as gold, platinum and palladium
- Usually used in industry to
speed reactions up and
reduce energy costs and
help the environment
- A catalysts changes the rate of
reactions but does not change the
products. It is unaffected.
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