CORE PHYSICS AQA

ENERGY
1. HEAT RADIATION
  1. Heat is transferred in three different ways; radiation, conduction, or convection.
  2. Infrared radiation is the emission of elecromagnetic waves
  3. Radiation depends on an awful lot on surface colour and texture
2. KINETIC ENERGY AND CONDUCTION
  1. Kinetic energy can explain three states of matter
  2. Conduction of heat occurs mainly in solids
  3. Metals are good conductors because of their free electrons
3. CONVECTION
  1. Convection of heat - liquids and gases only
  2. CONVECTION CURRENTS are all about CHANGES IN DENSITY
4. CONDENSATION AND EVAPORATION
  1. Condensation is when gas turns to liquid
  2. Evaporation is when liquid turns to gas
  3. Rates of Evaporation and Condensation can vary
    1. THE RATE OF EVAPORATION/CONDENSATION WILL BE FASTER IF:
      1. EVAPORATION
        Temperature is higher
        The average particle energy will be higher, so more particles will have enough energy to escape
        Density is lower
        The forces between the particles will usually be weaker, so more particles will have enough energy to overcome these forces and escape the liquid
        Surface area is higher
        More particles will be near enough to the surface to escape the liquid
        Airflow over the liquid is greater
        The lower the concentration of an evaporating substance in the air it's evaporating in to, the higher the rate of evaporation
        A greater airflow means air above the liquid is replaced more quickly, so the concentration in the air will be lower
      2. CONDENSATION:
        Temperature of the gas is lower
        The average particle energy in the gas is lower, so more particles clump together and form liquid droplets
        Temperature of the surface the gas touches is lower
        Density is higher
        The forces between these particles will be stronger. Fewer particles will have enough energy to overcome these forces and will instead clump together to form a liquid
        Airflow is less
        The concentration of the substance in the air will be higher, so the rate of condensation will be lower

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CORE PHYSICS AQA

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