cell organelles

1. the endoplasmic reticulum is a highly organized material consisting of solube ground substsance called cytosol.
   1. this contains an elaborated system of parallel, flattened cavitites lined with a thin membrane.
2. smooth endoplasmic reticulum- where the membrane has no ribosomes present. the SER is concerned with the synthesis and transport of lipids.
3. rough endoplasmic reticulum- where ribosomes line the membrane, the RER is the site of protein synthesis.

Anmerkungen:

• lysosomes- contain and isoloate digestive enzymes from the remainder of the cell.  digestion is carried out in a membrane lined vacuole into which several lysosomes may discharge their contents.  one of the functions of lysosomes is to destroy worn out organelles in  the cell. 

1. specialised vesicles because they contain digestive enzymes
   1. the enzymes have the ability to break down proteins and lipids.
      1. if the enzymes were free to react in the cytoplasm then cell distruction would result.

1. in a cell there are two short cylinders which contain microtubles.
   1. there function is too aid in cell division. during division they move to opposite poles as the spindle develops.

1. this controls all of the cellular activity using coded instructions located in DNA.
   1. these coded instructions enable the cell to make specific proteins. RNA is produced in the nucleus and leaves via the nuclear envelope.
      1. the nuclear stores replicates and decodes DNA.

1. these consist of an outer membrane enclosing a semi-fluid matrix.
   1. throughout the matrix is an internal membrane, folded into cristae. the cristae and matrix contain enzymes which enable this organelle to carry out aerobic respiration.
      1. it is the key organelle in the release of energy, making ATP available to the cell.
         1. mitochondria are needed for many energy requiring processes in the cell, including active transport and the movement of cilia.