E - Network Components

Switch
1. Filters data packets as they are received and forwards it to the appropriate destination device
2. Switch conserves network bandwidth by only delivering the message to the device it was intended. This offers better performance than a hub.
Hub
1. Similar to switch but sends data packets to every port it's connected to; without examining them.
2. Data has to be filtered by each device it is sent to, once it has been received.
3. Data is more susceptible to interception
Network interface card (Wireless)
1. A NIC enables a computer to be connected to a network using a cable
2. A wireless NIC allows the device to connect to a wireless access point, therefore connect to the network
3. Each NIC has a Media Access Control (MAC) address which is unique. Other devices that are connected to networks also have unique MAC addresses so they can be identified.
Router
1. It sends data packets to the devices using the most efficient route, which is based on information stored in routing tabels.
2. A router is an advanced version of a switch. It stores address of connected devices & sends data packets to recipient devices.
Repeater
1. This sits between two long cables and extends the range of the cables so the signal doesn't deteriorate
2. It receives the signal from one cable and re-sends it along the next cable
Wireless Access Point (WAP)
1. A WAP is a hub that communicates wirelessly instead of having physical connections through ports.
2. The WAP connects to the main network infrastructure through a single cable connected to a switch
3. When a WAP receives a signal intended to be received by a wireless device, it broadcasts it & the receiving device collects data packets.
Gateway
1. This is the exit from one network and the entrance to another network
2. It creates a bridge between two networks
  1. A bridge joins two networks together so it looks like one large network
Firewall
1. A firewall is an application that is configured on a computer/network device to prevent unauthorised access to or form a network
2. It works by examining all data coming into and out of a network & blocks access to unacceptable traffic
Servers
1. Application
  1. Software stored on the server for use across the network
2. Mail
  1. This server gives a private, internal email system meaning that all of the emails are sent securely across the server
  2. Users email addresses are all stored on the server so they can be seen on the contact list of each connected user
3. Backup
  1. This server backs-up all of the files on the server on the network, meaning that individual users don't have to do it themselves
4. Print
  1. The print server puts all the print jobs for each printer into a queue and deals with them in turn
5. Proxy
  1. Stores details about recently visited web pages in a cache, allowing the page to load quicker if the user re-visits the page
6. File
  1. Current files can be stored on the server and accessed on any device connected to the network
  2. Can also have shared files that can be access by all users on the network
  3. Files on the server can be accessed externally if the user can connect to the server via their username and password.

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E - Network Components

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