GCSE AQA Chemistry Unit 1

Fundamental Ideas
1. Bonding
  1. Ionic Bonds
    1. metal + non metal
      1. metal loses electron -> non-metal
  2. Covalent Bonds
    1. non metal + non metal
      1. electrons shared
Limestone Cycle
1. Calcium Cabrbonate
  1. Calcium Oxide
    1. Calcium Hydroxide
      1. Calcium hydroxide solution
      2. neutralises acids- farmers acidic soils
      3. Lime
        long time to dry
        sets strongly
    2. large scale - lime kiln
    3. production of cement
    4. neutralise acids - farmers acidic soils
    5. Mortar
      1. limestone - heated - CaO -> mixed w water - solid Ca Hydroxide
      2. Holds bricks together
  2. Limewater
    1. test for CO2
2. damaged by acid rain
3. Cement
  1. limestone heated in a kiln with clay
  2. reacts with acid rain - wears away
  3. hardens quick
  4. Concrete
    1. cement mixed with water, sand and aggregate
    2. moulded into shapes
    3. reinforced
    4. cheap
    5. not aesthetically pleasing
4. Quarrying
  1. Enviironmental
    1. disused quarries are landscaped and become pictureseque
    2. Trucks, lorries and digger cause pollution
    3. habitats destroyed
    4. scar on landscape for many years
  2. Social
    1. new roads
    2. more jobs
    3. more traffic
    4. pollution
    5. noise
    6. dust - increase asthma
  3. Economic
    1. secures jobs
    2. more money in area
    3. expensive start up
    4. if closes - loss of jobs and money
Metals and their uses
1. Extracting metals
  1. metals found in rocks in earths crust
    1. rock containing metal - metal ore
  2. unreactive metal - found as metal
  3. reactive metals - found as compounds
2. Iron and Steel

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GCSE AQA Chemistry Unit 1

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