A-LEVEL Russia: The 1905 Revolution

Long term causes
1. Worker discontent
  1. Poor living/working conditions
  2. Bad wages
  3. No political powers or trade unions
2. Peasant discontent
  1. Bad wages
  2. Poor living/working conditions
  3. Famine
  4. No representation
  5. Controlled by the Mir
3. Middle-class discontent
  1. High Education fees
  2. Economic growth tailing off
  3. No reform
  4. No political powers
Short term causes
1. The Russo-Japanese War 1904 - 1905
  1. Russian people angered over losing loved ones
  2. Economic expenses of the war made taxes go up
  3. Made the Tsar look weak
2. Bloody Sunday 22nd January 1905 (Trigger)
  1. Anger over the deaths of innocent people
  2. Destroyed the trust that the Russian people put in the Tsar
Key Points of the Revolution
1. Bloody Sunday January 1905
  1. Peaceful protestors killed by the Cossaks
2. Mutiny of the Battleship Potemkin June 1905
  1. Shameful defeats of the Army and Navy
  2. The sailors of Potemkin mutinied
  3. The government worried that others might follow
3. St Petersburg Soviet formed October 1905
  1. Groups of representatives from factories who formed to coordinate Strike action
  2. Was a Threat to the Tsars government
4. October Manifesto October 1905
  1. The Tsar issued a manifesto which promised:
    1. A Parliament/Duma elected by the people
    2. Civil rights e.g. Freedom of speech
    3. An end to censorship
    4. The right to form political parties
  2. The Liberals and Middle-class stopped their protests and supported the government
Why did the Revolution fail?
1. The loyalty of the Army
  1. The majority of the Armed forces stayed loyal to the Tsar
  2. They helped crush the opposition and arrest revolutionaries
2. The Black Hundreds
  1. A pro-government terrorist group
  2. They hunted down and executed known reformers and revolutionaries
3. a lack of unity amongst the Revolutionaries
  1. There was no central coordination
  2. The groups involved all wanted different things
    1. The Liberals wanted to share power with the Tsar
    2. The Social Democrats (The Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks) wanted to remove the Tsar and change society
4. The October Manifesto
  1. The manifesto split the opposition
  2. Helped the Tsar regain support
5. The Dumas
  1. The first Duma (April 1906) was dissolved by the Tsar after 73 days because it contained too many reformers
  2. The second Duma (February 1907) was dissolved due to there being too many reformers
  3. The third Duma (November 1907) had a majority of those sympathetic to the Tsar

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A-LEVEL Russia: The 1905 Revolution

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