Gender

Gender

21% of women live on a low income compared to 19% of men
1. Joseph Rowntree Foundation
Feminisation of Poverty
1. Feminist
  1. Liberal Feminists say poverty by women being socialised into traditional gender roles
    1. Being caring
    2. Usually the one to look after someone who is sick
2. Women are over-represented in poverty stats
3. Hidden Poverty
  1. Women face poverty whilst being hidden within the family
  2. Resources not distributed evenly
  3. Women go without so children have enough
  4. Men have more control over household income
Flaherty (2004) suggested why women were more vulnerable to poverty
1. 35% of women (16-64) are unemployed compared to 25% of men
2. Women earn 81p for every £1 a man earns
  1. Caused by horizontal segregation
3. 43% of women work part time compared to 13% of men
4. Responsible for care
5. 22% of women (60<) live on a low income compared to16% of men
  1. Some women have lower state pensions because they are paid less national insurance than men
6. 92% of lone parents are women
  1. 38% of lone parents said their money runs out at the end of the week
Secondary Labour Market
1. Low pay, low skill, part time
  1. Manufacturing/retail
2. Women are more likely to take these jobs as they are flexible (children)
Horizontal Segregation
1. Men and women concentrated in different employment sectors
2. 5 C's
  1. Catering, Cleaning, Caring, Cashiering, Clerical
Vertical Segregation
1. When men are concentrated in higher positions than women
  1. Only 6% of consultants are women

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