Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration

RESPIRATION IS...
1. NOT breathing
2. The process of releasing energy
  1. From the breakdown of glucose
AEROBIC RESPIRATION
1. Respiration using oxygen
2. Most efficient way of releasing energy
3. Goes on all the time in animals and plants
4. Glucose + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide + Water (+Energy)
5. Most reactions in aerobic respiration happen inside mitochondria
RESPIRATION RELEASES ENERGY FOR...
1. Building up larger molecules from smaller ones
  1. Like proteins from amino acids
2. Allowing muscles to contract (in animals)
  1. Which allows movement
3. Keeping the body temperature steady and warm (in mammals and birds)
4. Building sugars, nitrates and other substances into amino acids
  1. To make proteins
EXERCISE
1. Increases heart rate because...
  1. More oxygen and glucose is used up
    1. And more carbon dioxide is taken away
      1. So the blood flow needs to increase to meet this demand
2. Glycogen is used
  1. Some glucose is stored as glycogen
  2. It is mainly stored in the liver
    1. But some is in the muscles too
  3. During vigorous exercise
    1. Muscles use glucose rapidly
      1. So some stored glycogen is converted to glucose to provide more energy
  4. Stored as glycogen for large surface area for enzymes to get to
3. Makes you breathe more deeply and increases your breathing rate because...
  1. More oxygen is needed for the muscles
4. You get warmer
  1. Because tone of the by-products of respiration is heat
  2. So your blood vessels dilate and you sweat
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
1. Glucose --> (Energy) + Lactic Acid The incomplete breakdown of glucose
2. Respiration without oxygen
  1. Because your body can't supply enough oxygen to your muscles
3. Causes production of lactic acid
  1. Which causes cramp and muscle fatigue
  2. Removed through oxidisation which turns it into carbon dioxide and water
4. Does not release nearly as much energy as aerobic respiration
  1. But it's useful in emergencies and you can keep using your muscles for a while longer
5. Oxygen debt
  1. You have to repay oxygen that you didn't get to your muscles in time
    1. Because your heart, lungs and blood couldn't keep up with the earlier on
    2. So you keep breathing hard for a while after you stop

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Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration

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