1883641
[AS Level ] Hard Engineering
Techniques + Advantages and
Disadvantages
- Embankments - Raised banks along the river
- can be used as a path
- concrete embankments can stop erosion
- earth embankments provide habitats for wildlife
- earth embankments provide habitats for wildlife
- concrete embankments can stop erosion
- The banks are not always built high enough
- Concrete embankments are ugly and unnatural
- Concrete embankments are ugly and unnatural
- can be used as a path
- Channelisation - The river channel may be widened or
deepened to allow it to carry more water. A channel may
be straightened so that water can travel faster along the
course,
- effectively protects immediate areas because water is
moved away quickly
- Long lasting
- Long lasting
- altering the river channel may mean greater flooding risk as the
water is carried there faster
- Unnatural and visually intrusive
- Unnatural and visually intrusive
- effectively protects immediate areas because water is
moved away quickly
- Storage Areas - A large area near the
river that will fill with water if the
river overflows, protecting the
surrounding land.
- Neded a large area of land that is not used
- Only come into use when the river has flooded
- Only come into use when the river has flooded
- Natural looking
- Does not damage the environment
- Does not damage the environment
- Neded a large area of land that is not used
- Dams - Built along the course of a river to
control the discharge. Water is held back in a
reservoir behind the dam and released in a
controlled way.
- Very expensive to build
- sediment is often trapped behind the dam leading to
erosion further downstream
- Towns and farmland may be lost when the valley is flooded to form the reservoir.
- Towns and farmland may be lost when the valley is flooded to form the reservoir.
- sediment is often trapped behind the dam leading to
erosion further downstream
- Water in the reservoir can be used to generate
electricity (Hydroelectric) or for recreation)
- Very expensive to build
- Flood Relief Channels - The
channel course can be
changed to take flood waters
away from towns.
- Makes people who live close the the main river safer as the flood water is taken away
- can be used for water sports at other times
- can be used for water sports at other times
- They use up a lot of land that might be difficult to buy if it is good farmland
- Extremely Expensive
- Extremely Expensive
- Makes people who live close the the main river safer as the flood water is taken away
- Flood walls - A vertical barrier
made from concrete.
- They have to be assembled carefully so that
water does not get through the joints
- Can be used in areas where they is not much space
- easily and quickly erected using pre-constructed sections
- easily and quickly erected using pre-constructed sections
- They have to be assembled carefully so that
water does not get through the joints
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