History of Australian Schooling

Education vs. Schooling
1. Education
  1. Gaining of knowledge, skills and understanding
  2. What you view as education depends on the value you place an certain knowledge, skills and understanding
  3. Formal and informal
  4. Self-directed or otherwise
  5. Purposeful or not
  6. Subject of much philosophising
2. Schooling
  1. The organisation, or structuring of education
  2. Formal
  3. Directed by others
  4. Purposeful
  5. Reflects the dominant cultural value of certain knowledge, skills and understanding
  6. Subject of much social, cultural and political debate
Before Colonization
1. Schooling started with the arrival of the colonists
2. Education had already been present
  1. Education deeply founded in cultural and spiritual practices
  2. Learned in real-world situations
  3. Often about Looking after the land and animals, hunting, gathering, food, making tools, history and culture
  4. Pedagogy took the forma of storytelling, long metaphors, allegories, fables, drawing, singing, dancing, and via observing and imitation.
  5. Access to knowledge depended on age and was often ritualistic
Late 1700s and early 1800s
1. 1789- 1810 Captain Arthur Philip formed the colony of Sydney. the first school was set up for the children of convicts
  1. Teachers
    1. Anglican Church provided first formal instruction, which was based on the bible
    2. First schoolmaster was the Reverend Richard Johnson
    3. 1789 - Isabella Rossen (a convict) was employed as the first teacher
    4. 1791 - Mary Johnson (convict) was hired in parramatta
  2. Curriculum and Pedagogy
    1. Non-convicts could educate their own children with governesses and tutors
    2. Convict children
      1. Separated from their parents as they were bad influences
      2. They learned religious and moral discipline, loyalty, reading, writing, arithmetic, home skills, work skills, and manners
      3. Taught using direct instruction and physical discipline
      4. Learnt through practice, rote learning and memorising textbooks
      5. Genders were taught diffrent things
      6. Individual teaching method
      7. Assessed through reciting and showing their work
  3. 1811 - the Monitorial school was established in sydney by William Crook (missionary)
    1. Based on Lancaster system which involed the teacher taught older students (the monitors), and they taught the younger students
    2. 1814 - the native Institution in parramatta was opened by Governor Macquarie
      1. Edicated students to become labourers and semi-skilled workers
      2. Aboriginal School
      3. The first stolen generation
      4. Not successful and closed in 1833
      5. Blacktown Native Institution opened 1820 and closed 1825
2. Focused on Discipline and Morality
1830s to early 1900s
1. Schools for the wealthy
  1. Based on geographical parish system
  2. The King’s School (Anglican) in Parramatta in 1832
  3. St Mary’s Seminary (Catholic) in 1837
  4. Scots School (Presbyterian) in 1838.
2. The Dame schools (Working class)
  1. Run by women in their own homes
  2. Students were young
  3. Dames weren't always trained teachers, they were often old spinsters or widows
  4. Paid small amount directly from families
  5. Taught basic literacy, numeracy, the bible (moral education) and general household chores
  6. Individual teaching method used
  7. students of diffrent ages present
3. Public Schools
  1. Resulted from the need to systematise schooling
  2. caused rise of formal teaching education, mandated curriculum, school timetables
  3. Inspectors travelled to check paperwork, attendance, watch teachers and assess student's learning
  4. Public examination were put in place for students intrested in uni
  5. schooling became normalised for all children but subjects depended on gender
4. Sir Henry Parkes
  1. His ministry introduced the Public Instruction Act of 1880
  2. Opened a variety of free education for children (<14 old)
  3. Schooling was compulsary
  4. Withdrew government funding to Catholic schools in 1882 but was re-instated in 1964
  5. Promoted and set up secular schools
1900s - current (progressive education)
1. Professor Francis Anderson thought teachers should be free of oppressive rules and ditch rote learning and memorisation
2. Teachers started playing games, excurtions, and science ecpirements
3. emertion of practical, worksheets, projects and group work
4. Later on introduction of creative and performing arts, and welling being and health
5. 1951 the alice springs school of the air
  1. started from Miss Adelaide Miethke's idea ( Royal flying doctors), only had one teacher
  2. Students would have get togethers
  3. Now school has a princable, 16 teachers, 7 support staff and 125 students
6. Comprehensive high schools
  1. Pathways decided by curriculum choices
  2. All students had to stay till they were 15
  3. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children required to attened school from 1967
7. The differention of schools
  1. schools were selective (streamed) eg girls secretaria school)
  2. Some designed for uni entry and others for trades
  3. often differentiated along class and gender lines
  4. 1950s - 1960s considered thing of the past
  5. Can be seen starting to come back in currently

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History of Australian Schooling

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