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Hyperglycemia

Beschreibung

Certificate Paramedic Refresher (Endocrine ) Mindmap am Hyperglycemia, erstellt von MARK BETTERTON am 29/01/2015.
MARK BETTERTON
Mindmap von MARK BETTERTON, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
MARK BETTERTON
Erstellt von MARK BETTERTON vor fast 10 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Hyperglycemia
  1. Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
    1. Lack of Insulin
      1. Glucose can't enter cell
        1. Cells Starved; Glucagon Released
          1. Free fatty acids formed
            1. Metabolized into ketones
              1. Acetone smell respirations
                1. Leads to metabolic acidosis
                  1. Excess ketones require kidneys to eliminate in urine
                    1. Sodium Buffer; pulls more water and electrolytes increasing volume depletion
                2. Gluconeogenesis
                  1. More Glucose Released
                    1. Further elevated BGL
                3. Glucose molecules produce osmotic diuresis
                  1. Large amount water drawn into renal tubules
                    1. Excessive Urination
                      1. Dehydration/ Volume Depletion
            2. Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS)
              1. Lack of Insulin or Insulin Resistance
                1. Glucose can't enter cell
                  1. Small amounts of circulating insulin prevent ketoacidosis
                    1. Elevated BGL creates hyperosmolar extracellular space
                      1. Intracellular Fluid pulled into extracellular space
                        1. Serum osmotic pressure pulls electrolytes from tissues
                          1. Serum Eletrolyte levels may appear normal or even elevated
                            1. Electrolytes actually extremely depleted at cellular level
                      2. Glucose molecules produce osmotic diuresis
                        1. Intravascular volume drastically depleted
                          1. Kidneys now hypoperfused
                            1. Circulatory Collapse
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