Zusammenfassung der Ressource
IB Economics: Theory of the Firm -
Market Structure
- Perfect Competition
- Assumptions:
- - Large number of firms
- - Homogeneous products
- - No barriers to entry/exit
- - Symmetrical/perfect info
- - Perfect resource mobility
- price-taker
- Price competition only
- Exists theoretically
- Short Run
- Abnormal profit
- Normal profit
- Loss
- Long Run
- Normal profit
- Effeiciency
- AE: leads to P=MC
- PE: leads to MC=ATC
- Monopoly
- Assumptions
- - Only 1 firm
- - Unique product
- - Significant barriers to entry/exit
- e.g. legal, resources, branding, asymmetric info
- price-maker
- No/weak competition
- contrained by demand
- Short Run
- Abnormal profit
- Normal profit
- Loss
- Long Run
- usually same as SR
- due to barriers
- Inefficient
- Demand: Inelastic
- Monopolistic Competition
- Assumptions
- - Large number of firms
- - No barriers to entry/exit
- - Product differentiation
- close substituted
- price-maker
- less than oligopoly & monopoly
- Price competition & non-price competition
- Short Run
- Loss
- Normal profit
- Abnormal profit
- Long Run
- Normal prfit
- Inefficient
- Demand: elastic
- Demand: perfectly elastic
- Oligopoly
- Assumptions
- - Small number of firms (2-12)
- - Both homogeneous and differentiated products
- Considerable barriers to entry/exit
- e.g. start-up costs
- some have large market share
- price-maker (less than monopoly)
- Mutually independent
- strategic behaviour
- conflicting incentives
- collusion & competing
- Non-price competition
- Short Run
- Abnormal profit
- Normal profit
- Loss
- Long Run
- Abnormal profits available if cartels succeed
- Inefficienct
- Kinked demand curve
- top: elastic
- bottom: inelastic