1 - Cell Biology

1.1 - Introduction to Cells
1. Cell Size Limitation
  1. As cell size increases, surface area to volume ratio increases
    1. Problems for transport across membrane (cell will eventually die)
      1. If the ratio is too small:
        Substances don't enter the cell as quickly as required and waste products accumulate
        Cells may overheat as metabolism produces heat faster than it is lost over the cell's surface
2. Functions of Life
  1. Growth
  2. Metabolism
  3. Response
  4. Reproduction
  5. Nutrition
  6. Excretion
  7. Homeostasis
  8. Unicellular organisms perform all of these functions
3. Emergent Properties
  1. Multicellular organisms
  2. Caused by interaction of component parts of a structure
4. Cell Differentiation
  1. Expression of some genes and not others
  2. Allows development of specialised cells
5. Stem Cells
  1. Embryonic stem cells
    1. Embryonic development
  2. Adult stem cells
    1. e.g. bone marrow
  3. Cord blood stem cells
  4. Therapeutic uses
6. Cell Theory
  1. All living organisms are composed of cells
  2. The cell is the basic unit of life
  3. Cells arise from pre-existing cells
1.2 - Ultrastructure of Cells
1. Microscopes
  1. Electron microscopes have higher resolution than light microscopes
    1. RESOLUTION - separate points distinguishable by eye
    2. Magnification = size of the image / actual size of the specimen
    3. Light microscope: Max. resolution = 0.2 Um (200 nm) Max. magnification = x 400
      1. Limited by wavelength of light
2. Prokaryotes
3. Eukaryotes

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1 - Cell Biology

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