Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt

Jobs
1. Pharaoh
  1. Once a Pharaoh died, they were buried in tombs. The tombs were underground chambers, often in pyramids or the Valley of the Kings. The tombs were fill with treasures and gold to take with them to there 'after life.' Also, the walls were decorated with Egyptian paintings, and had a ceiling of painted stars.
    1. Howard Carter was a famous archaeologist and Egyptologistwho searched for Egyptian tombs in the Valley of the Kings. In November 1922, he uncovered the secrets of Pharaoh Tutankhamen's tomb. The man that he had been collecting money from to search, Lord Carnarvon, had an argument with Howard three days before his find. He collected many artifaccts from the tomb. He found the tomb in the Valley of the KIngs.
  2. The pharaohs were the most worshiped in Ancient Egypt, in charge of all people, objects and things. They were worshiped by everyone and had to be obeyed. The pharaohs were know as a living god. They were known as 'King' in Egyptians times.
  3. Pharaohs were not elected, they were passed down in family. The eldest son would get the role after the father died, even if they had an elder daughter. The only time there was a female Pharaoh was when the father only had daughters.
2. Craftsmen
  1. Craftsmen had the job of invention and creating objects and tools. Without craftsmen, people would struggle as they had nothing.
3. Merchants
  1. Merchants sold all things craftsmen invented. In Egyptian times, Merchants were more important than craftsmen, and was treated with more respect.
4. Slaves
  1. Slaves had no payment, and had Taskmasters to watch them. If a taskmaster saw a slave not doing work, they would punish them. A slaves job would to be doing Pharaoh's orders.
5. Farmers
  1. Farmers were paid a small amount of money, and treated rather poorly. They were out in the fields every day working and collecting food. Although treated badly, farmers were an important job for an Egyptian civilisation..
6. Scribes
  1. Scribes had the job of writing down a diary, and recording everyday. Sometimes they even wrote stories of their gods. Scribes were one of the few people in Egypt that were educated, and knew had to read and write. They were treated with respect.
Buildings
1. Temples
  1. Temples were built carefully, and each was was decorated with the Egyptian gods. Inside, the Pharaoh and workers stood and were worshiped by the people.
    1. Gods and Goddesses
      1. Ra, the god of the sun, was the first Pharaoh in the world.
      2. Anubis, the god of the underworld, was the protector to the gates of the underworld.
      3. A group of gods were called a pantheon.
      4. The Egyptians had a polytheistic religion.
      5. Geb, god of Earth, had the head of a goose. The Egyptians believed that earthquakes were Geb's laughter.
  2. Temples were know as the home of gods and goddesses
  3. Each temple was dedicated to a god or goddess.
  4. Temples were built of stone.
2. Pyramids
  1. Tombs were often built in a chamber at the bottom of a pyramid.
  2. Over 130 pyramids have been found in Egypt
  3. Egyptian pyramids often had multiple passage ways and chambers so it would be hard to find the Pharaoh buried.
  4. Nearly all pyramids were located in the West bank of the Nile
  5. Many pyramids were robbed
3. Homes
  1. Mud brick houses
  2. Houses had flat roofs
Nile
1. Why build around the Nile?
  1. The Egyptians built around the nile to get food. The inundation (flood) of the River Nile every year made the land fertile for growing crops and plants.
  2. The Egyptians needed the Nile not just to grow food, but to catch food. They would sail around on the water in search for fish. The Pharaoh had his/her own boat, called the Royal Barge.
  3. The Egyptians needed the Nile for transport. They could build simple rafts to get transported up the river, so they didnt have to walk to jobs, temples and building sites on foot.
  4. The Egyptians needed water to drink, and to wash and clean there belongings. With no water, they would have to travel a long way to survive.
2. They had animals around the farm land. They had sheep, goats, fish and bees, which all helped them to live. Also, they would often find hippos in the bogs, which the Pharaoh liked to catch. Donkeys were used in the fields.
3. Farmers used irrigation networks to carry water to the fields.
4. Farming
  1. The Egyptians used papyrus instead of paper, each plant presses against each other horizontally and vertically until a whole scroll was made for the scribes.
  2. They grew onions, leeks, cabbages, leeks, papyrus, grain ect
    1. Grain was the most important crop, used for bread, porridge and beer
  3. Fruit trees and vines marked paths.
Inventions
1. The shaduf was invented to help collect water from the Nile. It was a wooden frame, with a bucket and weight. The bucket would be lowered into the river with help of a farmer, and lifted up from a heavy weight on the other end.
2. The Egyptians invented locks and keys.
3. The Egyptians invented carts to help carry resources to building sites.
4. To help them in the fields, the Egyptians built ploughs.
Egyptian Art
1. Egyptian art was very detailed, and was coloured. They had art of their gods, people and tombs.
  1. They drew their people with their heads and feet profile, and their body facing forwards. You would never see Egyptian art with heads facing directly forwards.
2. Hieroglyphics were often used in their artwork

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