Keeping data safe and secure

Backups-copies of the original data to restore it incase the originals are lost or damaged.They should be done reguarly and placed away from the off-site (away from the originals location)
1. E.g. used by banks who have many transactions during the day or hospital swho have important records about patients
2. Storage media for making backups
  1. Removable Hard Disk- 500GB (portable and internal)
    1. Pros- portable, cheap, durable, large storage capacity, non volatile, supports how your computer works
      1. Cons: moving parts so it can break, slow, regular crashes can occur
    2. Magnetic tape backup- 20GB
      1. Pros- portable, can store large amounts of data, can be set up to do the backing up overnight
        Cons: you need special equipment to use it, slow, has a limited life span, can be expensive
      2. CDs (CD-R & CD-RW)- 660 MB
        Pros: small and fast, portable, cheap, most computers can read the CDs, easy to use
        Cons: can scratch easily, fragile, takes more time to load than hard disk
        DVDs- ( DVD-R & DVD-RW)- 4.7MB
        Pros- large storage capacity, good sound quality, good picture quality, portable
        Cons: can scratch easily, they do not work in CD's, there is no single standard DVD
        Flash Memory Stick- 8GB
        Pros: portable, rewritable, can be used in most computers, cheap, easy to use, durable because it has no moving parts
        Cons: small so can be lost easily, it has a limited life span
        Network Storage- more or one hard disks
        Pros: files can be easily shared between users, the data is easy to backup as all data is stored on the file server, security is good
        Cons: purchasing it can be expensive, managing a large network is complicated, viruses could spread throughout the network, there is a danger of hacking occurring in the network to, security procedures like firewall should be use.
        Online Storage- 5 to 50MB
        Pros: online so you don't have to worry about loosing a physical item, easy to use, most cases is secure, cheap to use
        Cons: hackers could invade your account you have to have an internet connection to use it, viruses could occur on the web browser.
        Floppy disk- 1.44MB
        Pros: cheap, re-usable
        Cons: small storage space, slow data transfer, not everyone has floppy disk readers now,easily lost.
3. The options for backup and archiving are dependent upon the following factors:
  1. Content and type
    1. What data needs to be backed up?
  2. Frequency
    1. How often should the backup take place ?
  3. Timing
    1. The best time to back up.
  4. Backup Media
    1. What the data will be backed up onto
  5. Location
    1. Where will the data be stored?
Archive- the storage/moving of files that are no longer in current use but are kept for future reference. It is done to free up space and speed up access time on the hard drive.
1. Legal documents are archived e.g. when a pupil leaves school their work may not be in use but it has to be legally archived for a certain amount of years.
Virus- A program designed to cause damage to a computer system. It is a computer program that replicates and spreads itself and is mainly from attachments or downloads,
1. Worm virus- a program that makes copies of itself to cause damage to the computer.
  1. Trojan horse- describes itself as another useful program so it can get past the security system in order to cause damage to the computer system.
Malware-software that has been created with an ill intent, such as viruses keylogging or spyware
Hacking-the practice of breaking into a secure computer system to cause damage.They invade privacy and can damage data.
Unathourised user- someone who has not been given permission to access certain files
Causes of data loss
1. Physical
  1. Theft of computer
    1. Scratches on hard disk
      1. Fire,flood,lightening
2. People
  1. Data theft
    1. Carelessness
      1. User errors
        Data damage
3. Malicious
  1. Hackers
    1. Viruses
      1. Unauthorised access
4. Power loss
5. Corrupt files/program crashes
Security methods
1. Physical security- using physical methods of security like CCTV,guards,locks,and biometrics to keep out unauthorised access
  1. CCTV- Closed Circuit Television- video surveillance using cameras, microphones and other recording devices to monitor people and places. The device(s) capture footage and send it back to the CCTV system. Mainly used for security purposes e.g. in banks, retail areas,government institutions and highways/streets.
    1. Locks- used to keep places/unopenable without a key. Mainly used for safes,doors,windows and cabinets. Helps prevent unauthorised access to many places so these intruders do not e.g. steal any computers containing important data on them.
      1. Guards- physical people used to watch over or control areas to protect people or places. They can log visits of potential intruders and mainly found outside businesses where data is kept, on high streets or areas with high valued goods.
        Biometrics- reader or scanner device used for security e.g. fingerprint scanners or eye scanners to identify a person. It converts scanned information into digital form and compares it to match data already stored in a database for this comparison.
2. Software methods- used to prevent unauthorised access to computer systems and online accounts.
  1. Encryption- When data is scrambled to make it unreadable when transmitted from one device to another , only the receiver has the decryption key.
    1. It is a useful way to help protect private data from hackers or other people who are trying to intercept into the internet or e.g. email. It can be used by companies or normal people who are sending private information to places such as banks.
  2. User name- to identify the user and allocate the correct access rights and documents for that user.
    1. Password- used to verify the username and used for security purposes. A strong password should be used that contains non-dictionary words, numbers and upper and lower case letters.
      1. Selective drop-down menus are sometimes used as a security method to add letters to a password rather than typing them. This prevents key-logging software from viewing the systems and gaining access to important passwords.
        Transition logs- MONITORING METHOD NOT PREVENTION, used to track the actions of a computer user, keep records of a user,the action and the date and time so if a record or file is accessed it will provide evidence of who has accessed it and what has been done with it.
        Firewall- prevent unathourised requests from hackers to gain access to the network or computer systems via the internet.
        Anti-virus software- designed to detect and destroy computer viruses which could damage data.
        IDS- Intrusion detection system, detects an attack on a network or computer system.
        Anti-spyware software- a program designed to detect unwanted spyware program installations and to remove those programs if installed e.g. put in a quarantine.

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Keeping data safe and secure

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