Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Approaches and Methods for ESL
- Calla Related Concepts
- Literacy Across the Curriculum: reading/writing
across the content areas, integrated instruction.
- Application: Use reading passages about
landforms to teach reading skills while
learning about United States geography in
social studies. Include opportunities to read, write, speak, and listen.
- Application: Include in the geography lesson
landforms found in
students' home
countries.
- Language Experience Approach: provides
experiences that help develop language in context.
- Application: Carve a pumpkin in class,
cutting and emptying the pumpkin
together. Talk, read stories and write
about pumpkins and the experiences.
- Balanced Reading Approach: a balance between whole
language and phonics instruction.
- Application: Teach the /or/ phonics
lesson during a Halloween reading and
writing unit focusing on candy corn.
- Cooperative Learning: students work together
to construct knowledge through tasks.
- Application: Students work
in cooperative groups to
solve a break out game.
- Inquiry: an activity aimed at extracting meaning from experience
- Application: Students
design and carry out an
investigation to answer a
question, such as "What
happens to plants if they
are planted too closely
together?"
- Process Writing: writing in all subject areas that
requires reflection and revisions
- Application: Students write a paragraph that
summarizes the learning in a social studies
unit. They use peer editing and a rubric to
reflect and revise.
- Sociocultural Theories
- Students learning is impacted through internal
cognitive and affective factors and external social and
cultural factors.
- Focuses on learning through social
interaction and cultural context.
- Application: Provide opportunities for students two construct
knowledge in groups and through scaffolding,
such as during teacher-student and
student-student discussions.
- CALLA Model
- Integrates content instruction, academic language
development, and explicit instruction in learning
strategies.
- Content instruction based on standards
- Why? To develop knowledge, learn skills and
processes, and content is motivating and
interesting.
- Help students connect content to
their own cultural backgrounds.
- Teach content by linking new to known, providing
experiential learning, and addressing all learning styles.
- Academic language: includes listening, speaking, reading, writing
- Used for cognitively
demanding tasks
- Requires lower-order and
higher-order thinking skills.
- Academic Language is essential to success in content
areas and not usually learned outside of school.
- Select Academic Language that is relevant
to student needs and learning.
- Teach through modeling and providing listening,
speaking and writing opportunities in content areas.
- During a lesson about facts and opinions: Students turn and talk about their own
opinions on a given topic, listen to a read aloud and identify facts and opinions, read
examples of facts and opinions, and write examples of facts and opinions. Students
are provided with language supports such as: "According to the text..." and "I disagree
because..."
- Strategies instruction helps students
be mentally active and analyze and
reflect on their learning.
- Cognitive Approach
- Recognizes that memory and processing are
fundamental to learning.
- Procedural Memory: what we know how to do,
learned through practice
- Application: Students perform a task,
such as measuring liquid volume and
creating a vertical numberline on a
bottle to learn about capacity.
- Declarative Memory: information stored in
schemata, content knowledge, learned through
connections to background knowledge.
- Application: Before beginning a lesson, do a quick
write listing prior knowledge about the lesson topic.