Cell Transportation

Enzymes (Type 1)
1. Catalysts: Speeds up reactions without being used up themselves
  1. Energy of Activation: the amount of energy the reactants must absorb to become activated and start a chemical reaction
    1. Endergonic Reactions
    2. Exergonic Reactions: a reaction that releases energy
2. Active Site: 3-D site that substrate will bind to
  1. Substrate: molecule that binds with an enzyme, the reactant
    1. Induced fit & Hydrolysis Reactions
      1. Causes Entropy
        First Law of Therodynamics
        Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only transformed or transferred
        Second Law of Therodynamics
        Energy conversions reduce the order of the universe and increase entropy
        Entropy: the amount of disorder in a system
    2. Competitive Inhibitors: blocks active site and active site becomes close
    3. Incompetitive inhibitors: change the shape of the active site by binding at a different location
3. Imbedded in membrane
  1. Phospholipid bilayer
    1. Fluid Mosaic Model
    2. Made of tails of lipids (hydrophobic) and the heads (hydrophilic) that attract water molecules
  2. Enzymes
    1. 3 types of membrane proteins
      1. Receptors
      2. Transport
        Passive Transport
        Diffusion
        Molecules always move from an area of [H] --> [L]
        No ATP
        Osmosis
        The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane
        No ATP
        Facilitated Diffusion
        Transport proteins may facilitate diffusion across membranes
        No ATP
        Active Transport
        Endocytosis
        Phagocytosis
        cell eating
        Pinocytosis
        cell drinking
        Receptor- mediated
        Exocytosis
        [L] --> [H]
        Sodium Potassium Pump
Energy
1. Potential Energy
  1. stored energy
2. Kinetic Energy
  1. Energy in motion

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Cell Transportation

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