Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Neoplasia-1
- Composition of neoplasm
- Parenchyma
Anmerkungen:
- •Proliferating
transformed neoplastic cells
•Determines
its biologic behavior
- Stroma
Anmerkungen:
- •It is
the supporting
connective tissue where neoplastic cells are embedded.
•Provides
nutrition
(blood vessels) and mechanical
support to
the neoplastic cells
- Benign tumor
Anmerkungen:
- •A
tumor is said to be benign when its gross and microscopic appearances are
considered relatively innocent, implying that it will remain localized, will
not spread to other sites, and is amenable to local surgical.
- Malignant tumor
Anmerkungen:
- •Malignant
tumors can invade and
destroy adjacent structures and spread to distant sites (metastasize) to
cause death.
- Terminologies
- Adenoma
- Papilloma
- Cystadenoma
- Polyp
- Carcinoma
- Sarcoma
- Lymphoma
- Leukemia
- Tumor mimics
- Hamartoma
- Choristoma
- Teratoma
- Mixed tumor
- Histological features of neoplasm
- Anaplasia
- Increased N:C ratio
- Atypical mitoses
- Pleomorphism
- Loss of polarity
- Central necrosis
- Tumor giant cells
- Metastsis
- Lymphatic
Anmerkungen:
- Lymphatic spread is characteristic of carcinomas,
1. Initial spread is to regional draining lymph nodes
- Sentinel lymph node
- Hematogenous
Anmerkungen:
- Hematogenous spread is characteristic of sarcomas and some carcinomas.
1. Renal cell carcinoma (often invades renal vein)
2. Hepatocellular carcinoma (often invades hepatic vein)
3. Follicular carcinoma of the thyroid
4. Choriocarcinoma
- Osteoblastic
- Osteolytic
- Transcelomic
Anmerkungen:
- Seeding of body cavities is characteristic of ovarian carcinoma, which often involves
the peritoneum ('omental caking',
- Iatrogenic
- Cancer epidemiology
Anmerkungen:
- Canter is the 2nd leading cause of death in both adults and children.
1. The leading causes of death in adults are (1) cardiovascular disease, (2) cancer,
and (3) cerebrovascular disease.
2. The leading causes of death in children are (1) accidents, (2} cancer, and (3)
congenital defects.
- Incidence
Anmerkungen:
- The most common cancers by incidence in adults are (1) breast/prostate, (2) lung,
and (3) colorectal.
- Mortality
Anmerkungen:
- The most common causes of cancer mortality in adults are (1) lung, (2) breast/
prostate, and (3) colorectal,
- Etiology
- Heridetary cancers
- Autosomal dominant
- Autosomal recessive
- Ocupational cancers
Anmerkungen:
- Shipyards(asbestos)- Mesothelioma
Aniline dye(rubber and paint)- Urinary bladder cancer
PVC -Hepatic angiosarcoma
- cancer associated with chronic inflammation
Anmerkungen:
- Chronic ulcer: SCC
Schistosoma- Bladder cancer
- Precancerous conditions
- Monoclonality
Anmerkungen:
- B. Monoclonal means that the neoplastic cells are derived from a single mother cell.
C. Qonality can be determined by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)
enzyme iso forms.
1. Multiple isoforms (e.g., G6PDA, G6PD.,, and G6PD( ) exist; only one isoform is
inherited from each parent.
2. In females, one isoform is randomly inactivated in each cell by lyonization
(G6PD is present on the X chromosome).