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2150717
Psychology-Unit One, Approaches
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A level Psychology Mindmap am Psychology-Unit One, Approaches, erstellt von moll2204 am 28/02/2015.
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Psychology-Unit One, Approaches
Behaviorists
Classical Conditioning
Pavlov Dogs
Unconditioned Stimulus
Conditioned Stimulus
Unconditioned response
Conditioned response
Neutral stimulus
Operant Conditioning
Skinners Box
Positive reinforcement
Primary reinforcers
Secondary reinforcers
Negative reinfrocement
Punishment
Basic assumptions
behaviour is learnt from experience
Stimulus response links
mind is black box
Punishment stops behaviour
reinforcement strengthens behaviour
scientific and objective
experimental
can generalize from animal behaviour
Social Learning Theory
Modelling
observing the model
watch the punishment or reward
repeating behavior at later stage is called modelling
Bandura et al
ethics- protection of p's
demand characrteristics
low ecological validity
likely to model
models similar to P's
high staus
self-esteem
mediating Cognitive Factors
Stage one- attentional processes
see it
stage two- retentional process
behavior encoded, remembered it
stage three- motor reproduction processes
ability of observer to preform behaviour
stage four- motivation process
rewards and punishments determine if behaviour is repeated
Basic Assumptions
learnt from experience
mental processes are important
copy behaviour that has been rewarded
vicarious reinforcement increases likilhood
demonstrate behaviour when appropriate
Cognitive
Basic Assumptions
mental processes are important
mind is like computer
scientific
Objective
mind actively processes infromation
model to explain memory
Atkinson and Shiffrin model
information processing approach
input processes
1. sensory registration of stimuli
2.different senses, from environment
3. goes to next stage
Storage Processes
1.selecting and storing information
2. storage and retrieval of information in memory
3,create information necessary for producing appropriate response
Output processes
1. produce appropriate response
2.retrieve from memory appropriate motor patterns
Psychodynamic
Basic Assumptions
mental life happens at unconscious level
psychosexual stages
thoughts held in unconscious by repression
childhood experiences are important
personality has 3 parts, id, ego, superego
defence mechanisms protect ego from harm
individual case studies
Little Hans
Anna O
Slip of the tongue
Dreams
Psychosexual stages
Oedipious and Electra complex
personality
ID
primate part
True Unconscious
Not in touch with real world
Irrational
'Pleasure principle'
Ego
appears aged 1-2
'reality principle'
in touch with real world
Superego
result of oedipus and electra complex
'morality principle'
learnt right and worng
defence mechnasisms
Denial
Repression
regression
rationalisation
projection
displacement
reaction formation
strategies used by the ego to protect itself from harm
Humanist
basic assumptions
subjective thoughts and feelings of individual
idiographic approach- focus on unquieness
free will
people must be looked at in a holistic view, the whole person
essentially good
strive to reach full potential
heirarchy of needs
problems are due to persons percieved self and ideal self
case studies
concepts of self actualisation
self
self-concept
incongruence
self-actualisation
accurate perception of the world
creative
acceptance of other people
detached and needing of privacy
hierachy of needs
conditions of worth
client centered therapies
conditions of worth
unconditional positive regard
conditional positive regard
Biological
Basic Assumptions
behviour is influenced by genetic makeup
brain essential for thought
chemical processes in brain
brain and mind are same
evolution
scientific
EEG's
MRI
post-mortem
identical and non-identical twins
brain damage
Biological structures
phenotype
genotype
Heredity
Neurones
Motor
sensory
interneuron
synapse
ACH
Endorphins
serotonin
Nervous System
Central nervous system
Brain stem
Cerebellum
cerebral hemisohere
Autonomic Nervous system
Sympathetic
pupils dillates
increase HR
inhibits digestion
parasympathetic
pupils contract
decrease HR
simulates Dgestion
fight or flight?
the endocrine system
the Brain
Broca's- function of speach
Wernickes's- speech comprehension
Medienanhänge
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