Zusammenfassung der Ressource
EAST ASIA MIDTERM PART 1
- CHINA
- MING
DYNASTY
- FELL BECAUSE OF
- BAD LEADERSHIP
- DISEASE
- ECONOMIC COLLAPSE
- LITTLE ICE AGE
- THE QING DYNASTY
- MONGOLIA/ ZUNGHAR WARS
- DIFFICULT TO CONQUOR
- ADVANTAGES OF THE MANCHUS
- MONEY (GINSING)
- BANNER CONQUEST ORGANIZATION
Anmerkungen:
- NERHATCHI DEVELOPED A SYSTEM OF REORGANIZATION FOR SOCIETY. UNITED THE MANCHUS UNDER A SINGLE BANNER.
- FIGHTING SKILL AND WEAPONS
Anmerkungen:
- COULD SHOOT AROWS W/ GREAT ACCURACY @ FULL GALLOP
- SAFE LOCATION TO TRAIN
- THE QUEUE 1645
Anmerkungen:
- "KEEP YOUR HAIR AND LOSE YOUR HEAD OR KEEP YOUR HEAD AND CUT YOUR HAIR"
- A WAY OF ENFORCING LOYALTY IN A NEW EMPIRE
- 40 YEARS TO UNITY
- MING IMPERIAL PRINCES
- 3 FEUDATORIES
Anmerkungen:
- WU SANGUI HAD BEEN GRANTED POSITION OF GENERAL IN SOUTHERN TERITORIES. DECIDED TO CROWN HIMSELF EMPEROR.
- CHINA AND TAIWAN
- ZHENG CHENGGONG (KOXINGA)
Anmerkungen:
- FUJANESE TRADER. PRACTICE OUTLAWED UNDER QING RULE.
MING LOYALIST/ ZHENG FAMILY CONTROLLED TAIWAN FOR 20 YEARS
- ESTABLISHES LARGE BASE ON TAIWAN.
- THE DUTCH IN TAIWAN
Anmerkungen:
- DUTCH FORT ESTABLISHED IN TAIWAN
- KOXINGA VS. DUTCH 1662
Anmerkungen:
- KOXINGA KICKS DUTCH OUT OF TAIWAN
- ULTIMATELY, QING
TAKES OVER TAIWAN
- TREATY OF NERCHINX
Anmerkungen:
- SIGNED A TREATY W/ THE RUSSIANS TO PREVENT A 2 FRONT WAR
- GOLDEN AGE OF
THE QING
DYNASTY
- FIRST 150 YRS
- INCEREASE IN TERITORY / STRENGTH
- GOOD WEATHER
- ESTABLISHED INCREASED DISEASE RESISTANCE
- ABUNDANT FOOD
- COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
- EXCELLENT LEADERS
- SMART,
FAIR,MULTI-LINGUAL
Anmerkungen:
- KANGXI 60YRS, YANGZHENG 10 YRS, QIANLONG 60 YRS
- TANISTRY
Anmerkungen:
- ALL SONS = COULD BECOME EMPEROR
- DECLINE OF QING
- TAIPING REBELLION
1851-1864
Anmerkungen:
- 30 MILLION KILLED
COVERED 1/3 CHINA, ALMOST TOPPLED QING
HELD NANJING AS CAPITOL FOR 10 YRS. EVEN CREATED CURRENCY
- CAUSES
- DESTRUCTION FROM OPIUM WAR
- OPENING OF NEW PORTS DUE TO THE TREATY OF
NANJING CAUSE MANY TEA PORTERS TO LOSE
THEIR JOBS
- POVERTY/ FAMINE
- ETHNIC TENSION
- ZHUANG MINORITY
AND HAN BEGIN
FIGHTING
- GREAT LEADERS
- HONG XIUQUAN
Anmerkungen:
- TRIED AND FAILED AT THE EXAMS SEVERAL TIMES. ENCOUNTERS A CHRISTIAN MISSIONARY IN CANTON.
- LEADER TAIPING
REBELLION
- GOD
WORSHIPER
SOCIETY
Anmerkungen:
- HONG XIUQUAN HAS A DREAM WHERE IT IS PRESENTED TO HIM THAT HE IS THE BROTHER OF JESUS. IS INSTRUCTED TO KILL ALL QING.
- EQUALITY
BETWEEN SEXES
Anmerkungen:
- SEGREGATION BETWEEN SEXES AS WELL. ONLY HIGH RANKING OFFICIAL COULD HAVE SEX.
- MILITARY
ORGANIZATION
REFORMED TO
INCLUDE WOMEN
- LAND REDISTRIBUTION BASED ON TOTAL
NUMBER OF FAMILY MEMBERS, INCLUDING
WOMEN
- UNIVERSAL EDUCATION
Anmerkungen:
- INCLUDING EXAM SYSTEM
STUDIED HONG XIUQUAN'S ADAPTED BIBLE
- COMMUNAL BREAK DOWN OF FAMILY UNITS
COMMUNISM. LAND AND GOODS REDISTRIBUTED BASED
ON NEED
- QING RESPONSE
- EVER VICTORIOUS ARMY
- BRITISH SOILDERS BROUGHT IN TO
ASSIST THE QING DYNASY IN QUELLING
THE REBELLION
Anmerkungen:
- DID SO ONLY TO ENSURE INDEMNITIES CONTINUED TO BE PAID TO BRITAIN
- LED TO THE
"CARVING UP"
OF CHINA BY
EUROPEANS
- ARMED HAN
Anmerkungen:
- DANGEROUS FOR THE MINORITY MANCHUS TO DEPEND ON THE MAJORITY HAN FOR DEFENSE
- LI ZICHENG
- FORMER SHEPARD: TOOK BEIIJING
Anmerkungen:
- COULDN'T CONTROL MEN
PEOPLE DECIDED DID NOT HAVE MANDATE
- WU SANGUI
Anmerkungen:
- DID NOT BELEIVE LI ZICHENG POSESSED THE MANDATE. LET THE MANCHUS IN
- ZHANG XIANZHONG TOOK SISCHUAN
- MANDATE OF HEAVEN
- 4 CONFUCIAN CLASSES
Anmerkungen:
- THE SCHOLAR
THE FARMER
THE CRAFTSMAN
THE MERCHANT
- SOCIAL MOBILITY
- TRADE W/ WEST
- CANTON SYSTEM
Anmerkungen:
- SET UP BY CHINESE GVT TO TRADE W/ WEST
MONOPOLY ON TRADE
CORRUPT
- WESTERNERS BELEIVED
CONSPIROCY
- NO INTEREST IN WESTERN GOODS.
PIANOS, WOOLENS ETC.
- TRADE IMBALANCE
Anmerkungen:
- BRITTISH PURCHASING LOTS OF TEA, CHINA NOT PURCHASING BRITTISH GOODS
- OPIUM IN CHINA
Anmerkungen:
- BRITISH DECIDED TO SELL OPIUM TO CHINESE BECAUSE IT WAS CLOSE, LIGHT AND CREATED A DEPENDANCY
- ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
Anmerkungen:
- SILVER PRICES SKYROCKET DUE TO SO MUCH BEING SPENT ON OPIUM
- LIN ZEXU
Anmerkungen:
- HIGH LVL OFFICIAL
WROTE LETTER TO QUEEN VICTORIA REQUESTING HER TO STOP SELLING OPIUM IN HIS COUNTRY.
- ATTEMPTS TO
TRADE OPIUM BACK
TO BRITTISH FOR
TEA
Anmerkungen:
- BRITISH REFUSE
ALL OPIUM DESTROYED
- BRITTISH KICKED OUT OF
CHINA/ SET UP ON HONG
KONG
- OPIUM WAR 1840-42
- TREATY OF NANJING 1842
Anmerkungen:
- FIRST OF
UNEAQUAL
TREATIES
Anmerkungen:
- INCLUDED AMBASADORS IN BEIJING, 5 PORTS OPEN, ABOLISH CANTON MERCHANTS,
21 MILLION IN INDEMNITY
EXTRATERITORIALITY
MOST FAVORED NATION
GIVE HONG KONG TO BRITAN
- ARROW WAR
Anmerkungen:
- SECOND OPIUM WAR
BURNED DOWN YUANMINGYUAN (SUMMER PALACE)
- TREATY OF TIENTSIN 1885
Anmerkungen:
- INDEMNITY + LARGE CHUNKS OF CHINESE TERRITORY "LEASED" IN PERPETUITY TO EUROPEANS
- MISSIONARIES
IN CHINA
- OPIUM FORCABLY
LEGALIZED
- @ END OF CENTURY, 30+ MILLION
OCCASIONAL USERS, 15 MILLION
ADDICTS. MOST SEVERE ABUSE
AMONG IMPERIAL CLANSMEN AND
BANNERMEN
- JAPAN
- 4 CONFUCIAN CLASSES
Anmerkungen:
- SAMURAI
FARMER
CRAFTSMAN
MERCHANT
- COMPLETELY IMMOBILE
- REUNIFICATION
- 3 GREAT
WARLORDS
- ODA NOHUNAGA 1
- BRUTAL
- BASE AROUND NAGOYA
- SUPPRESSED ARMED BUDHISTS
- ASSASINATED
- TOYOTOMI HIDEYOSHI 2
- RETAINER FOR ODA
- 1ST TO UNITE ALL OF JAPAN UNDER
1 RULER IN 250 YRS
- SWORD HUNTS
- WAS NEVER MADE SHOGUN
- ATTEMPTS
TO CONQUOR MING
Anmerkungen:
- 1590'S / DIES
FAMILY DISHONORED
- TOKUGAWA IEYASU 3
- CAREFUL STRATEGIST
- MILITARY POWER
- MARIAGE PRACTICES
- PRIMOGENITOR FOR RULING CLASS
Anmerkungen:
- RULED OUT ARGUMENT BTW SONS/ IF LAND DISPUTE OCURED TOKUGAWA WOULD TAKE LAND FOR HIMSELF
- BATTLE OF SEKIGAHRA
Anmerkungen:
- ENDED CIVIL WAR TO AN END
BEGINIG OF TOKUGAWA BAKUFU 1600
- EDO
- 5 TOKUGAWA SYSTEMS OF
CONTROLL
- ALTERNATE
ATTENDANCE
SYSTEM
Anmerkungen:
- MOST IMPT TO MAINTAINING POWER
- DAIMYO MUST RESIDE IN EDO
EVERY OTHER YEAR
- HOSTAGE SYSTEM
Anmerkungen:
- WIVES AND CHILDREN MUST REMAIN IN EDO
- VERY EXPENSIVE
Anmerkungen:
- EXTENSIVE TRAVEL BETWEEN THEIR DOMAIN AND EDO CREATED HIGHWAYS THAT PROMOTED TRAVEL AND TRADE
- NAKASENDO AND
TOKAIDO HIGHWAYS
- ADITIONAL CONTROLS
- ONLY SHOGUN HAD
DOMAIN
REASSIGNMENT
POWER
- MARIAGES HAD TO
BE APPROVED BY
SHOGUN
- EVERYTHING WENT
THROUGH SHOGUN
- BAKUFU
- TENT GVT OF 4/5 MEN
Anmerkungen:
- EACH HAVE AT LEAST 30000 KOKU
- ROTATED EVERY MONTH
Anmerkungen:
- PREVENTED ALIANCES FROM FORMING
- DOMAIN RESTRUCTURE
- FUDAI
Anmerkungen:
- FOUGHT ALONGSIDE THE SHOGUN
BOARDERD SHIMPAN
- TOZAMA
Anmerkungen:
- OUTER RING
FOUGHT AGAINST THE SHOGUN IN THE BATTLE OF SEKIGARA
- ALSO: EUROPEANS HAD MOST CONTACT W/ TOZAMA
- DUE TO THEIR LOCATION, THE TOZAMA HAD
ESTABLISHED WEAPONS TRADE W/ WESTERNERS
DURING THE TOKUGAWA PERIOD.
Anmerkungen:
- CONCLUDE SHOGUNATE INCOMPETANT
ARM AND PRODUCE WEAPONS
BEGIN BUILDING LOCAL MILITIA
- SHIMPAN
Anmerkungen:
- VERY CLOSE RELATIVES
BOARDERD BAKUFU
BETTER LAND
SECURITY
- FREEZING OF SOCIAL ORDER
Anmerkungen:
- CREATED IMBALANCE W/IN SOCIETY (MUSUI)
- SAKOKU
Anmerkungen:
- BAN ON
CHRISTIANITY
Anmerkungen:
- DECREASED THE PROBABILITY THAT SECTS WOULD ERUPT AND DISTURB THE NEWLY UNIFIED JAPANESE SOCIETY
- BAN ON OUTSIDE EXCANGE
W/ WESTERNERS
- DUTCH ON DEJMA
ALLOWED TO STAY
- NAGASAKI "WINDOW
TO THE WORLD"
- RISE OF JAPANESE
NATIONALISM 1800-1850
FALL OF TOKUGAWA
JAPAN
- TWO NEW SCHOOLS OF
THOUGHT BOTH ANTI- CHINA
- RANGAKU
(NEW
MEDICINE)
- KOKUGAKU
(NATIONAL
LEARNING)
- COMODORE PERRY 1853
- DEMANDS SAFETY OF
US SOILDERS AND
FOR JAPAN TO OPEN
UP TRADE W/ US
- BAKUFU CONSULT EMPEROR
- KANAGAWA
AGREEMENT
1854 PERMITS
THESE
DEMANDS
- CREATE NEW PRECIDENT. BY
ASKING, THE BAKUFU MAKE THEM
SELVES SEEM BOTH WEAK AND
TREASONUS. NO WIN SITUATION
- EMPEROR MEIJI DOES NOT
WANT TO DEAL WITH
OUTSIDERS
- CONFUCIANISM
Anmerkungen:
- EVERY ONE HAS A SET PLACE
RITUALS HELPED KEEP ALL RELATIONSHIPS CLEAR.
- 5 RELATIONSHIPS