Effect of Atomic Structure & Chemical Bonding on Physical Properties

Molecular
1. Formed by nonmetal(s)
2. 4. Generally have low melting points
3. 3/4. Do not conduct electricity in any state (pure form or in a solution)
4. Polar Covalent Bonds: 3rd Strongest Intramolecular forces
  1. Intermolecular forces at work: Dipole-dipole attraction, London dispersion forces (And Hydrogen Bonding if applicable, [ H atom with O, N, or F atom ])
5. 4th Nonpolar Covalent Bonds: Weakest Intramolecular forces
  1. Intermolecular forces at work: London dispersion (weakest compared to ionic or polar covalent bonds)
6. FORCES RANKED(1-5):
  1. Intramolecular forces:
    1. Intermolecular forces:
      1. 3. Hydrogen Bonding
      2. 4. Dipole-Dipole
      3. 5. London Dispersion
    2. 1. Polar Covalent Bond
    3. 2. Non-polar Covalent Bond
Ionic
1. Formed from a metal + nonmetal
2. 2. Conduct electricity in the liquid state but not in the solid state (form conductive solutions in water)
3. 2. High melting point
4. 2nd Strongest Intramolecular forces: Ionic Bond
  1. Formation: Cations to Anions
5. Intermolecular forces at work: electrostatic (strongest of intermolecular forces)
6. FORCES RANKED:
  1. Intramolecular force:
    1. Intermolecular force:
      1. 2. Electrostatic
      2. 4. London Dispersion
      3. 3. Ion-dipole
    2. 1. The Ionic Bond
Covalent Network
1. Formed by metalloids/carbon
2. 1. Extremely high melting point
3. 3/4. Nonconductors of electricity
4. Covalent bonds in a continuous network. They're the same as a regular covalent bond, but being in a network gives them strength
  1. The covalent network is even stronger than the ionic bond (even though the ionic bond is generally always stronger)
5. FORCES RANKED:
  1. Intramolecular forces
    1. 1. Covalent Network Bond
    2. Intermolecular forces:
      1. 2. London Dispersion
Metallic
1. Formed by metal(s)
2. 1. Strong electrical and thermal conductivity
3. 3. Melting points vary depending on the metal (i.e. tungsten has a high melting point, mercury has a low melting point)
4. 1st Strongest Intramolecular forces: Metallic Bonds from the attraction between positive metal ions and their surrounding valence electrons (which enable them to convey electricity easily)
  1. Basis of formation: Delocalized electrons to metal cations
5. Intermolecular forces at work: electrostatic
6. FORCES RANKED:
  1. Intramolecular forces
    1. 1. Metallic Bond
    2. Intermolecular forces:
      1. 2. Electrostatic
      2. 3. London Dispersion
Criteria
1. Forces (ranked from weakest to strongest)
  1. Boiling point/melting point, Conductivity (with conditions)
By: David Girt
LEGEND:
1. RED cells invole melting points (Ranked from 1-4)
  1. YELLOW cells involve conductivity (Ranked from 1-4)
    1. ORANGE cells involve intra - and intermolecular forces (1-4)
      1. BLUE cells rank the bonding forces

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Effect of Atomic Structure & Chemical Bonding on Physical Properties

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