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Volcanoes

Beschreibung

Volcanoes from Geography module 'Restless Earth' Including a case study.
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Volcanoes
  1. Volcanoes
    1. Montserrat
      1. Causes
        1. Mount Soufriere
          1. Composite Volcano
            1. Layers of ash and lava
              1. Violent
              2. Previously dormant
              3. Destructive plate boundary
                1. North and South american plates under Caribbean plate
              4. Effects
                  1. Short term
                    1. 19 deaths 100+ injured
                      1. 7 Villages destroyed
                        1. Infrastructure + homes dest.
                          1. Airport + Ports destroyed
                            1. Health services unable to cope
                              1. Sewage Systems
                            2. Long Term
                              1. Homes roads etc took a long time to be rebuit
                                1. Environmental damage
                                  1. Beaches
                                    2. Forests
                                      1. Habitats destroyed
                                      2. Coral reef
                                      3. Lung disease
                                        1. Ash
                                        2. Skills Shortage
                                          1. Over dependence on handouts
                                            1. Population fell
                                          2. Wider Imapacts
                                            1. Economy Decimated
                                              1. Evacuees in unsafe camps for long periods of time
                                                1. Tourism impacted
                                                  1. New volcano tourism
                                                  2. Housing shortages
                                                    1. Increases in rents
                                                    2. Ongoing minor eruptions
                                                      1. Serious lahars following heavy rain
                                                    3. Responses
                                                      1. 5000 people evacuated
                                                        1. UK provided aid
                                                          1. Royal Navy evacuated people to antigua
                                                            1. Offered £2500 to move to UK
                                                              1. Red Cross
                                                                1. New monitoring stations
                                                                  1. LEDC
                                                              2. Composite
                                                                1. destructive plate margins
                                                                  1. magma in the subduction zone under great pressure
                                                                    1. subsidary cones
                                                                      1. irregular eruptions
                                                                        1. viscous lava
                                                                          1. lava + ash
                                                                            1. violent eruptions
                                                                            2. Shield
                                                                              1. constructive plate margins
                                                                                1. magma rises to fill plate gap
                                                                                2. regular, frequent eruptions
                                                                                  1. runny
                                                                                    1. not explosive
                                                                                      1. gentle slope
                                                                                        1. made of lava
                                                                                        2. Supervolcanoes
                                                                                          1. 1000 x bigger
                                                                                            1. Lots of ash
                                                                                              1. Global cooling
                                                                                              2. magma chamber collapses after eruption
                                                                                                1. Huge Caldera
                                                                                              3. Predicting eruptions
                                                                                                1. tiltmeters
                                                                                                  1. bulges
                                                                                                    1. Slopes
                                                                                                    2. Satellites
                                                                                                      1. Measure heat
                                                                                                    3. Pyroclastic flow is a fast moving current of very hot gas and lava
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